Researchers in economics and strategy have long been interested in understanding the determinants of firm performance. We apply the relatively novel approach of hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) to a large panel of food economy firms to shed new light on the long‐standing debate about the relative importance of industry, corporate parent and business unit effects on firm profits. Our results suggest that business unit and corporate effects are more relevant than industry effects in explaining firm performance differences in the food economy. In addition, we also explore the effect of specific strategic factors on performance within each level of analysis. In particular, we find that business‐segment size, industry barriers to entry, corporate diversification, R&D intensity, capital intensity and resource availability are significant predictor variables that explain firm performance differences. Given the relatively important role of corporate effects and the positive influence of corporate strategic variables on business unit performance, our findings suggest that the environment provided by corporate parents significantly affects business unit profitability. In other words, corporate strategy does matter and thus should continue to draw attention from scholars interested in explaining profitability in the food economy.
Resumo: Quais os determinantes da escolha do arranjo contratual nas transações entre produtores e processadores de carne bovina? A pergunta problema se insere no estudo dos mecanismos associados à coordenação da produção para dar respostas às preocupações dos consumidores. Observa-se a coexistência de arranjos contratuais nos sistemas produtivos de carne bovina, entre os quais a transação direta entre o pecuarista e o frigorífico, ou via intermediário especializado. A Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT) pode ser utilizada para explicar a escolha dos arranjos contratuais observados, como resposta aos desafios de ganhos de eficiência "economizando" nos custos das transações. O presente estudo focaliza o sistema agroindustrial de carne bovina uruguaio, sendo estruturado em três partes. Primeiro a análise do histórico das relações entre produtores e processadores, e mudanças do ambiente institucional. A seguir, a partir das dimensões da transação (freqüência, especificidade de ativo e incerteza) geram-se hipóteses a
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