The aim of this article is to indicate the rationale for the development of the bioeconomy in selected EU countries depending on their overall level of economic development. The research was based on four highly developed countries, i.e., Germany, France, Finland and Denmark, and four medium-developed countries, i.e., Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Slovakia for the period 2001–2018. Renewable energy consumption, biomass and agricultural production were analysed as determinants of the bioeconomy development. The question was also answered whether differences in terms of measures determining the level of bioeconomy development between countries with different levels of economic development during the studied period are decreasing or increasing, using sigma (σ)-convergence coefficients. It is shown that the development of the bioeconomy of the studied countries is related to their level of economic development. In the middle economically developed countries, real opportunities for the development of the bioeconomy are noted, through a high share of agriculture in national income; and in highly developed countries—high spending on research and development and the growth of eco-innovation, which contributes to maintaining a development advantage between these groups of countries.

Summary The dynamic development of information technology, especially the Internet, which has taken place in recent years has brought many new opportunities to use the Internet in business operations. The Internet has created new opportunities for the development of enterprises. It was its dynamic boom that enabled e-commerce to gain in importance, and along with it made the changes in consumer behavior in terms of place, time and purchasing conditions. The aim of the paper is to present the key aspects in the development of relationships as a basis for building loyalty and creating value for the customer. Attainment of the objective will be aided by presentation of the results of survey regarding the identification of the measures taken to maintain lasting relationships that allow to build loyalty and create value for the customer. In addition, the study will identify the actions conducive to the growth of customer loyalty, which can be helpful in conducting e-business. In the research procedure we have used the analysis of the literature, statistical data and the results of the questionnaire study on the presented issues with customers from Lubuskie voivodship.

The development of the organic food market has resulted from, among others, an increasing consumer awareness of healthy eating, caring for their loved ones, as well as the spread of information on exceedances regarding the level of pesticides in food, standards of dioxins in meat and many other toxic chemicals. Noteworthy is also the increasing availability of organic food. An increasing number of stores have in their range of products food from organic farming, which in effect affects the increase in demand for this type of food. Consumer behaviour regarding organic products is determined not only by increasing ecological awareness, but depends on many factors, among which economic factors play an important role. Understanding the conditions of purchasing ecoproducts is crucial in the development of the organic food market. The aim of this study is, fi rstly, to identify the factors determining consumer behaviour on the market of organic products, with particular emphasis on economic factors. Secondly, establishing the relationship between the level of average monthly income per person and the number of people in the household. Undoubtedly, higher prices of organic products compared to their conventional counterparts and low income of consumers limit their purchase. The article contains the results of a survey carried out among respondents in the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The results of the study show that the higher willingness to pay results not only from the perceived quality of products, taste values, product composition, lifestyle, or fragrance values, but also from care for the natural environment and the health of both themselves and their relatives.

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to show different approaches to sustainable consumption and attitudes toward food waste and environmental pollution. The main goal formulated in this way is associated with specific objectives, which include identifying factors determining consumer behaviour on the organic food market, as well as to indicate the approach to the issue of food waste and the problem of environmental pollution. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article is based on theoretical considerations, which were supported by the results of own research, presenting tendencies and phenomena in the consumer behaviour of contemporary consumers characteristic of sustainable consumption. Surveys were used in the studies to demonstrate the determinants of this phenomenon. An empirical study using the survey method was conducted were carried out on consumers of the Lubuskie Voivodeship from May to September 2017. Findings: The conducted research shows that more than half of the respondents declared behavior in the sphere of consumption in accordance with eco-consumption. The study also found that more than half of women and men perceive the problem of food waste in their household. Among the activities to promote sustainable consumption, the most common were the use of reusable bags, waste segregation, and buying products that are produced in an environmentally friendly way. Economic factors affecting internal demand as well as environmental and institutional conditions turned out to be the key ones. Practical Implications: The presented considerations are of great importance for practice. They constitute an indicator which conditions the influence on the increase of consumption of food products. There is important for food producers. Originality/Value: The paper presents the attitudes of consumers towards ecological products, environmental and social issues and identifies consumer pro-ecological behaviors that translate into the state of the natural environment and affect the level of consumption sustainability.

Research background: The article has addressed the issue of sustainable consumption, which is becoming increasingly important on account of the adverse social and environmental consequences caused by the development and growth of societies. Sustainable consumption encourages to make rational choices and take responsibility for one's choices. Consumers take a number of decisions every day that affect not only them, but also cause externalities. There are many studies that indicate that consumers when buying goods and services are driven by environmental and ethical considerations.Purpose of the article: Changes occurring in the environment affect consumer behavior, leading to multiplicity of attitudes and changes in consumption trends. The article has shown consumer behavior in line with the concept of sustainable development against the background of trends in consumption in Poland.Methods: The basis for the discussion in the article will be: literature studies, available empirical studies, and our own results of the survey among respondents in Lubuskie voi-vodeship. Surveys using questionnaires were directed at 541 respondents. The number of correctly completed questionnaires was 500, and the figures contained in them were subjected to further analysis.Findings & Value added: Respondents in their purchasing choices are not guided by the influence of the consumption on the natural environment. However, in their behaviors we can notice some environmental measures, which stem from different reasons, depending on the socio-economic conditions.