Our results suggest that solutions of levobupivacaine combined with sufentanil may be used for 24 h at room temperature during regional anaesthesia with no risk of bacterial growth.

We conducted an in vitro study to investigate the antibacterial activity of clonidine and neostigmine on common microorganisms encountered during infectious complications after regional anesthesia. Standardized suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli were incubated during 1, 3, 6, and 24 h at 37 degrees C with concentrations of 37.5, 75, and 150 microg/mL of clonidine and 125, 250, and 500 microg/mL of neostigmine. After 24 h incubation at 37 degrees C, the colony counts were compared by two-way analysis of variance. The mean colony counts for S. aureus decreased significantly from control as the exposure to clonidine increased (P < 0.05), with a approximately 100% kill at 6 h for the largest concentration (150 microg/mL) and at 24 h for the intermediate concentration (75 microg/mL). Similar results were observed for S. epidermidis, with a approximately 100% kill at 6 h for the largest concentrations (75 and 150 microg/mL). No bactericidal activity of clonidine was observed for E. coli and no bactericidal activity of neostigmine was observed for any of the tested strains. In the conditions of this experiment, clonidine, but not neostigmine, exhibited a concentration-dependent and time-dependent bactericidal activity in vitro on the microorganisms most frequently encountered in infectious complications after regional anesthesia.

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