Cómo citar este artículo: Ortega Pacific EJ, Rodríguez Rodríguez A. Control de la miopía con ortoqueratología. Cienc Tecnol Salud Vis Ocul. 2017;15(1):69-78. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/sv.3905 RESUMEN La ortoqueratología ha tenido un gran auge en los últimos años, debido a la aparición de nuevos materiales y diseños que han facilitado su aplicación; por esta razón, se planteó desarrollar una revisión que permitiera analizarla desde aquellos pacientes en quienes se ha usado. Objetivos: mostrar la evidencia científica del uso de la ortoqueratología para el control de la miopía. Materiales y métodos: revisión bibliométrica de 50 artículos científicos escritos entre 1999 y 2015, con grado de recomendación B y nivel de evidencia II-3, según la escala United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPTS). Se consideraron las variables edad, defecto refractivo, longitud axial y curvatura corneal. Resultados: el 47 % de los pacientes eran menores de 15 años de edad. Las modificaciones más importantes a través de la ortoqueratología se encontraron en pacientes con valores refractivos menores de −4,00 D (80 %); al mes de tratamiento se presentaron reducciones en promedio de −3,11 D. En su mayoría, el diseño de los lentes utilizados fue de geometría inversa, con materiales con permeabilidad mayor a 100. Conclusiones: la ortoqueratología retarda la progresión de la miopía; esto se evidencia en el 100 % de los artículos analizados. Hay mayor eficacia en el control de la miopía en valores bajos (miopías de hasta 4 D, según Borish): un 55 % con miopías de −0,25 a −1,00 D, mientras que el 45 % restante se reparte con poderes entre −1,25 y −7,00 D.Palabras clave: ortoqueratología, moldeamiento corneal, control de la miopía.

Hong Kong Chinese students had a higher prevalence of myopia regardless of whether they studied in local or international schools when compared with other ethnic groups, such as whites. This further supports a genetic input into myopia development.

The purpose of this work was to characterize the development of refractive error in Hong Kong children between the ages of 7 and 12 years. A non self-selected sample of 7-year old children was recruited and followed for 5 years, non-cycloplegic refractions being carried out annually. A life-table was used to determine myopia incidence and prevalence. The mean annual change in the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was -0.32 D; 75 out of 83 subjects followed for 5 years became less hyperopic or more myopic, the maximum progression occurring between 9 and 11 years of age. The mean change in SER over the 5 years in children who were myopic at age 12 years was significantly greater than that in children who remained non-myopic. The incidence of myopia at age 7-8 years was 9% and at age 11-12 years was 18-20%. At age 7 years the prevalence of progressive myopia was 1.6% and 2.5% of subjects had anisometropia. Any treatment to prevent myopia should start by the age of 6 years and treatment to retard development should commence before age 9 years.

SummaryThe Canon Autoref R-1 is an`open-®eld' autorefractor which has been widely used for research purposes for the past 20 years, but is no longer manufactured. A new autorefractor, the ShinNippon SRW-5000, is now available, and if measures using this instrument are shown to be equally accurate and reliable, is likely to replace the R-1. Here we report on the accuracy and reliability (repeatability and reproducibility) of refraction measures in a paediatric population (from 4 to 8 years of age). Subject numbers were 44 for cycloplegic measures and 53 for non-cycloplegic measures. As would be expected, agreement with cycloplegic refraction and reliability were better when SRW-5000 measures were taken using cycloplegia. Repeatability results from the SRW-5000 autorefractor, both with and without cycloplegia were similar to those reported for the Canon R-1. q

The post-LASIK nonpermanent depression in contrast sensitivity was probably due to optical factors.