Supported gold nanoparticles on metal oxides (1 mol %) catalyze for the first time the cis-selective disilylation of terminal alkynes by 1,2-disilanes in isolated yields up to 94%. It is likely that the reaction proceeds through oxidative insertion of the σ Si-Si bond of disilanes on gold followed by 1,2-addition to the alkyne.
The first example of Au-catalyzed hydrosilylation of allenes is presented using recyclable gold nanoparticles as catalyst, without the requirement of any external ligands or additives. The hydrosilane addition takes place on the more substituted double bond of terminal allenes in a highly regioselective manner. The observed regioselectivity/reactivity modes are attributed to steric and electronic factors.
Under catalysis by
commercially available supported Au nanoparticles
on TiO2 (1 mol %), terminal allenes undergo diboration
and silaboration exclusively on the terminal double bond, in high
yields and stereoselectivity. In silaboration, the boron moiety (Bpin)
is attached on the terminal carbon and the silyl group on the sp-C,
a regioselectivity pattern that is unusual. No ligands or additives
are required, while the catalyst is recyclable and reusable. The selectivity
is rationalized in terms of a π-allyl type or an η-1 complex
intermediate with an apparent allylic carbocationic character, as
revealed through the use of cyclopropyl allenes as sensitive probes.
Au nanoparticles supported on TiO 2 (1 mol %) catalyze the quantitative cycloisomerization of conjugated allenones into furans under very mild conditions. The reaction rate is accelerated by adding acetic acid (1 equiv), but the acid does not participate in the protodeauration step as in the corresponding Au(III)-catalyzed transformation. The process is purely heterogeneous, allowing thus the recycling and reuse of the catalyst effectively in several runs.
In contrast to monohydrosilanes (R3SiH), which in the presence of supported gold nanoparticles primarily undergo typical β‐(E)‐hydrosilylation reactions with alkynes, dihydrosilanes (R2SiH2) under catalysis of Au/TiO2 lead to cis‐1,2‐dehydrogenative disilylation reactions at room temperature with high selectivity. The disilyl adducts can be further functionalized through a one‐pot procedure, catalyzed by the same catalyst, to form substituted 2,5‐dihydro‐1,2,5‐oxadisiloles or 1,4‐disila‐2,5‐cyclohexadienes.
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