Problem statement: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in human, rural environment cause significant morbidity due to insanitary condition, lack of knowledge of personal hygiene, lack of patient's compliance and economic burden. In our study, the bacterial etiologies and the resistance patterns found in human with serious UTIs and selecting optimal antimicrobial therapy. Approach: A total of 105 patients first morning mid stream urine samples, culture was done by the calibrated loop technique delivering 0.001 mL of urine plated on Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar, MacConkey agar and Blood agar medium (Hi Media, India) for isolation of uropathogens. All pathogens were analyzed for drug susceptibility by disk diffusion method. Results: More than 50% of them were confirmed to have UTI bacteriological positive. Women and man especially in the age group of 20-29 had higher incidence of bacterial infection. A total of 58 isolates seven different uropathogens were identified among the Escherichia coli (31%) was dominant pathogens followed by Citrobacter spp., (20%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.24%). In all uropathogens antibiotics susceptibility the more active agents were norfloxacin (87.93%), ciprofloxacin (70.68%), gentamicin (70.68%), nalidixic acid (68.96%), nitrofurantoine (60.34%) and tetracycline (60.34%) and less active in ampicillin (8.62%), rifampicin (37.93%) and carbenicillin (41.37%). Conclusion: Among commonly used antimicrobial agents for the treatment of UTI, there is a trend towards increasing resistance to ampicillin and a persistently low resistance rate to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin should be consider for treatment.

A six-year-old boy with high-grade fever and abdominal pain in the epigastric region was examined with ultrasonogram of the abdomen. Hematology-cell analysis, serology (Widal test), urine analysis, and blood cultures were also performed. The ultrasonogram was helpful for the identification of multiple organ involvement with Salmonella typhi. The results revealed mild hepatosplenomegaly, minimal ascitis, and mesenteric lympoadenopathy. Hematological analysis showed a white blood count of 6,300 cells mL-1; a red blood cell count of 4.54 million/cu mm. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 24 mm/1 hr; hemoglobin level of 11.5 g/dl; and a platelet count of 206,000 cells/mL. The patient's serum was agglutinated with lipopolysaccharide (TO), the titre value was 1:320 dilution, and flagellar antigen (TH) titre was 1:640. The patient was diagnosed with typhoid fever. Ceftriaxone was given intravenously for five days and the patient fully recovered.