El papel del lenguaje en la autorregulación ha sido ampliamente estudiado. Sin embargo, hay escasa evidencia sobre la función de autorregulación de los sistemas semióticos prelingüísticos en el desarrollo temprano. Presentamos un estudio de diseño longitudinal para explorar cuándo y cómo los niños/as comienzan a utilizar signos prelingüísticos con una función de autorregulación. Observamos a cuatro bebés en interacción con un adulto y un objeto complejo, a los 11, 13 y 15 meses de edad. Se condujo un análisis microgenético de las observaciones desde una perspectiva semiótica y pragmática del desarrollo y del objeto (Rodríguez y Moro, 1999). Los niños utilizaron distintos signos prelingüísticos privados para autorregular su acción al usar los objetos y/o instrumentos (ostensivos sin instrumento, con instrumento, vocalizaciones de acompañamiento de la acción y evaluadoras). Se describen las categorías utilizadas para caracterizar estos comportamientos y se analizan observaciones que las ilustran. Palabras clave: Gestos privados, ostensiones privadas, autorregulación, usos de objetos, comunicación prelingüística.
The role of language as a tool to support the self-regulation has been widely studied, yet there is little evidence on the role of prelinguistic communication in the early development of self-regulation. To address this gap we developed behavioural indicators of preverbal cognitive self-regulation, and described how can parents support it through guided play. We observed 16 children at 14, 16 and 18 months interacting with two complex toys, either independently or with a parent. A microanalytic coding captured a total of 721 gestures, of which 473 were classed as self-regulatory. Children used gestures to support self-regulation in planning monitoring, control, and evaluation. Analysis of parental mediation revealed a relationship between supporting autonomy, providing challenge, responsiveness, effective communication, children's competence with objects, and self-regulatory gestures. We produced reliable indicators of self-regulation through gestures and characterised effective parental mediation, thus making explicit key social mechanisms to foster self-regulation in preverbal development.
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