Habitually, control of biological fouling includes application of paints containing toxic substances that end upcontaminating marine ecosystem. Many organisms prevent settlement of other species synthesizing secondarymetabolites that could be used in the elaboration of environmentally friendly anti-fouling paints. This work evaluated the behavior of anti-fouling paints based on extracts from marine invertebrates in the ColombianCaribbean: Agelas tubulata, Myrmekioderma gyroderma, Oceanapia peltata, Aplysina lacunosa, Neopetrosia próxima,and Holothuria glaberrima. The painted panels were submerged in the port of Mar del Plata (Argentina); after 90 days in the sea signi!cant differences were registered in the total coverage between the painted panels andthe controls (p<0.05). The results obtained represent important progress toward using natural compounds incontrolling encrustations.
The diversity of deep-sea cultivable bacteria was studied in seven sediment samples of the Colombian Caribbean. Three hundred and fty two marine bacteria were isolated according to its distinct morphological character on the solid media, then DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA were ampli ed to identify the isolated strains. The identi ed bacterial were arranged in three phylogenetic groups, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with 34 different OTUs de ned at ≥97% of similarity and 70 OTUs at ≥98.65%, being the 51% Firmicutes, 34% Proteobacteria and 15% Actinobacteria. Bacillus and Fictibacillus were the dominant genera in Firmicutes, Halomonas and Pseudomonas in Proteobacteria and Streptomyces and Micromonospora in Actinobacteria. In addition, the strains were tested for biosurfactants and lipases production, with 120 biosurfactant producing strains (mainly Firmicutes) and, 56 lipases producing strains (Proteobacteria). This report contributes to the understanding of the detailed physiology and the complex environmental processes associated with the marine deep-sea cultivable bacteria from the Colombian Caribbean.
Sessile organisms can use physical, chemical, and biological mecanisms to control, avoid or induce epibiosis. The antifouling capacity of crude organic extracts from the marine sponges Cribrochalina infundibulum (=C. vasculum) and Biemna cribaria, was evaluated. Natural concentrations of sponges extracts were added to agar based gels and deployed in the field during 28 days, to offer substrate to natural epibiotic community. Colonization extent was then compared with control gels without extracts. Extracts from both sponges significatively inhibited the colonization of most of epifaunal organisms. B. cribaria was found to be more effective than C. infundibulum; moreover its extract lixivation was lower with a longer inhibitory action.
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