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Anomalies are generally unknown and unexpected and cannot be detected with prior knowledge. Consequently, it is highly desirable to have them detected in an unsupervised manner on a timely basis. One way to do so is to perform anomaly detection while the process of data collection is still ongoing, so that weak anomalies will not be dominated and overwhelmed by subsequent detected strong anomalies. This paper presents an approach to progressive band processing of anomaly detection (PBP-AD) band by band according to band sequential (BSQ) format. In other words, anomaly detection can be carried out band by band progressively without waiting for entire bands completely acquired. This significant advantage allows anomaly detection to be implemented in real time in the sense of progressive band processing with the data processing taking place and data being collected at the same time. This capability also paves a way for anomaly detection in future satellite data communication and transmission where the data can be processed and down linked from satellites band by band simultaneously. Index Terms-Anomaly detection, band sequential (BSQ), causal band K-RXD (CBK-RXD), causal band R-RXD (CBR-RXD), causal band sample correlation matrix (CBSCM), K-RXD, PBP-K-RXD, PBP-R-RXD, R-RXD, progressive band processing (PBP), progressive band processing of anomaly detection (PBP-AD).

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