Summaryα3β1 integrin in epidermis promotes wound angiogenesis and keratinocyte-to-endothelial-cell crosstalk through the induction of MRP3

No abstract

The guanylate cyclase activity [GTP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2] in membrane preparations from 3T3 mouse fibroblasts is stimulated approximately 5-fold by lysolecithin at concentrations of 100 Mg/mi and above. The stimulation of the adenylate cyclase activity in these preparations by sodium fluoride is inhibited up to 95% by lysolecithin over a similar concentration range. The regulatory properties of Iysolecithin appear to result from the surfactant properties of the phospholipid, since (i) the activity cannot be attributed to any single substructure within the molecule, and (ii) lysolecithin affects the subcellular distribution of guanylate cyclase in rat heart homogenates in a manner similar to that reported for the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. Stimulation of guanylate cyclase by lysolecithin was observed with membrane preparations from both 3T3 cells and simian virus 40 transformed 3T3 cells (SV3T3). These results suggest a possible role for lysolecithin in the coordinate regulation of the intracellular levels of both cyclic nucleotides, and in the control of the responsiveness of target tissues to hormone or mitogen stimulation.Studies on cultured mouse cells (3T3) have contributed a body of evidence indicating a role for cyclic nucleotides in the regulation of the proliferation of nontransformed cells (1, 2). Stimulation of 3T3 cell growth by insulin induces an approximately 75% drop in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration (3) at 5 min after treatment. In contrast, insulin induces a concentration-dependent increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic GMP ranging from 10-to 40-fold (1, 2). These results and the results of several additional studies of the effects of various drugs and hormones on the levels of cyclic nucleotides in their target tissues have been interpreted by Goldberg and his associates (1,4)

Magnetotactic bacteria that produce magnetic nanocrystals of uniform size and well-defined morphologies have inspired the use of biomineralization protein Mms6 to promote formation of uniform magnetic nanocrystals in vitro. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies in physiological solutions reveal that Mms6 forms compact globular three-dimensional (3D) micelles (approximately 10 nm in diameter) that are, to a large extent, independent of concentration. In the presence of iron ions in the solutions, the general micellar morphology is preserved, however, with associations among micelles that are induced by iron ions. Compared with Mms6, the m2Mms6 mutant (with the sequence of hydroxyl/carboxyl containing residues in the Cterminal domain shuffled) exhibits subtle morphological changes in the presence of iron ions in solutions. The analysis of the SAXS data is consistent with a hierarchical core-corona micellar structure similar to that found in amphiphilic polymers. The addition of ferric and ferrous iron ions to the protein solution induces morphological changes in the micellar structure by transforming the 3D micelles into objects of reduced dimensionality of 2, with fractal-like characteristics (including Gaussian-chain-like) or, alternatively, plateletlike structures. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies in physiological solutions reveal that Mms6 forms compact globular threedimensional (3D) micelles (approximately 10 nm in diameter) that are, to a large extent, independent of concentration. In the presence of iron ions in the solutions, the general micellar morphology is preserved, however, with associations among micelles that are induced by iron ions. Compared with Mms6, the m2Mms6 mutant (with the sequence of hydroxyl/carboxyl containing residues in the C-terminal domain shuffled) exhibits subtle morphological changes in the presence of iron ions in solutions. The analysis of the SAXS data is consistent with a hierarchical core−corona micellar structure similar to that found in amphiphilic polymers. The addition of ferric and ferrous iron ions to the protein solution induces morphological changes in the micellar structure by transforming the 3D micelles into objects of reduced dimensionality of 2, with fractal-like characteristics (including Gaussian-chain-like) or, alternatively, platelet-like structures.

Aptamers are in vitro selected oligonucleotides (DNA, RNA, oligos with modified nucleotides) that can have high affinity and specificity for a broad range of potential targets with high affinity and specificity. Here we focus on their applications as biosensors in the diagnostic field, although they can also be used as therapeutic agents. A small number of peptide aptamers have also been identified. In analytical settings, aptamers have the potential to extend the limit of current techniques as they offer many advantages over antibodies and can be used for real-time biomarker detection, cancer clinical testing, and detection of infectious microorganisms and viruses. Once optimized and validated, aptasensor technologies are expected to be highly beneficial to clinicians by providing a larger range and more rapid output of diagnostic readings than current technologies and support personalized medicine and faster implementation of optimal treatments.