Abstract-Portfolio has been used as summative assessment in many fields of study. Since 2010, clinical community medicine module has used portfolio to assess students. Nine portfolios were assigned to students within 5 weeks length module. This study aimed to identify the correlation of students' perspective for using portfolio and their portfolio scores. The data was collected by questionnaires from 46 students after completing module in November 2016. Students were asked about their satisfaction of using portfolio, then correlated to their portfolio scores. The reasons and suggestion for ideal portfolios were identified. Analysis was done by SPSS 20 using Rank Spearman correlation test. Students felt that creating portfolios were not comfortable. Most students (36/78.3%) felt that the portfolio was not appropriate as their summative assessment. They preferred less portfolios, 30 (63%) students requested to decrease portfolios to 3-5, 28.3% to 6-8 and only 8.7% to <3. There was no significant correlation between students' satisfaction of using portfolio to their portfolios score (p=0.262), while there was significant correlation between students' score to the number of portfolios to be submitted (p=0.017; r=0.349). Reasons for decreasing number of portfolios were inadequate time and many other tasks to be finished. Students in UIN Jakarta haven't used to retelling their experiences and reflecting them in writing as perceived in many students who were not used to portfolios. Doing portfolios need lots of work and time-consuming. Having lesser number of portfolios to be submitted would encourage students to create portfolios. Building familiarization, time management and good motivation for creating portfolios were important to successful portfolios. There was no significant correlation between students' satisfaction to their scores. Students should be encouraged to get comfortable in creating portfolios for the benefit as lifelong learning tool. Motivation to write and reflect should be nurtured to improve students' portfolio satisfaction and commitment.

Medical education in Japan has undergone significant reforms. Patient perspective and outcome have been highly valued in curricular reforms. Therefore, we evaluated an undergraduate curriculum particularly on communication skills by comparing outpatient satisfaction before and after the reforms implemented at Saga Medical School. Cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Medicine Clinic of Saga University Hospital in 1999 and 2009. A total of 729 newcomer patients evaluated 159 students; namely, 287 patients evaluated sixth-year medical students (n = 82) in 1999, and in 2009, 442 patients evaluated fifth-year medical students (n = 77). Students interviewed newcomer patients prior to a faculty's clinical examination. After a student-patient encounter, the patient was asked to fill in six-item Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) developed by the American Board of Internal Medicine. Mixed model two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with covariant of students' gender was conducted. Effect sizes were calculated to evaluate the amplitude of influence. The average score in 2009 was significantly higher than that in 1999 (3.63 ± 0.62 versus 3.36 ± 0.66; p < 0.001). Since the "encouraging and answering questions" and "clear explanations" were lower than those of the other items (3.24 ± 0.98 and 3.46 ± 0.85), these two items showed the most significant improvements (Phi coefficient = 0.31 and 0.24, p < 0.001). Thus, students' performance has improved since 1999, which may represent the success of curricular reforms at Saga Medical School. We propose that "encouraging and answering questions" and "clear explanations" should be emphasized in interview training.

Objectives: Drug-drug interaction (DDI) occurs following the prescription of more than one drug. DDI and its associated factors in Indonesia’s country’s primary care have not been reported. Materials and Methods: Through this descriptive cross-sectional study, we analysed the DDI incidence using the Clinical-Based Drug Interaction Alert (CIDIA) alert system. Purposive research was carried out by analysing prescriptions (n=2410) from nine primary health cares. Results: CIDIA alert system detected 7.5% DDI incidence in all prescriptions, categorized as mild (63%), moderate (36%) and serious (1%). Significant DDI incidence was observed in female patients (p<0.01), in patients older than 18 years (p<0.01) and in patients receiving three or more drugs (p<0.01). The most frequent incidence of DDI from each category was paracetamol-domperidone; dexamethasone-mefenamic acid and captopril-allopurinol. Conclusion: CIDIA alert system has been shown to provide beneficial support in detecting DDI incidence. Careful consideration should be addressed particularly towards female patients, older patients, and patients receiving three or more drugs in preventing DDI incidence. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 22 No. 03 July’23 Page : 667-675

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