Biodiversity is vital for the stability of the planet; its ecosystem services provide essential elements for our survival and well-being. This review analyzes the national biodiversity policies and describes the main strategies for biodiversity conservation in Ecuador, one of the “mega-diverse” countries in the world with the highest species density. It deepens an analysis of in-situ and ex-situ conservation processes. Ecuador has six clear policies for biodiversity conservation. These policies strengthen biodiversity conservation through mechanisms that improve the well-being of wildlife by ensuring human, wildlife and ecosystem health. It promotes actions for the welfare of wildlife, through technical, administrative and legal tools. The National System of Protected Areas, with 60 protected areas, is the most effective in-situ conservation instrument at the country level. Several ex-situ conservation and management means for the conservation of wild species are being utilized, including nurseries, botanical gardens, zoos, germplasm banks, aquariums, species reproduction and rehabilitation centers. Ecuador is making slow progress on ex-situ conservation despite the availability of a sound policy framework, possibly due to financial, infrastructural, and/or technological challenges, and knowledge gaps. We propose fostering international research collaborations and establishing fully funded small-scale captive breeding programs at zoos, aquariums and university research facilities to help recovery of at-risk species of reptiles, amphibians, fish and species beyond Galapagos region. We recommend utilizing citizen science programs to fill the gaps of biodiversity information and increasing efforts to revive the ex-situ conservation strategies in protecting the unique biodiversity of Ecuador.
The objective of the study is to analyze integrated coastal zone management in mainland Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands, and to discuss its challenges and opportunities in the face of constant changes in tourism and economic realities. The methodology used is based on the analysis of ten key elements to analyze national coastal management: policies, regulations, institutions, strategies, instruments, information, education, resources, managers, and participation. The main results indicate that Ecuador received support in terms of training and international financing for ICZM, but this has not been sufficient to guarantee correct management, due to a high discontinuity in economic and administrative political factors. All this has harmed the development of tourism and the dynamization of the economy in coastal areas. It is advisable to apply new policies where gastronomic and cultural aspects are strengthened.
La capacidad de carga ha emergido como un parámetro importante a considerar al desarrollar una serie de herramientas de manejo efectivas para áreas naturales protegidas de tal manera que la experiencia del turista promedio sigue siendo satisfactoria cuando se ejerce un impacto "aceptable" o mínimo. La Reserva de Producción de Fauna Cuyabeno (RPFC) es una de las 56 áreas protegidas de Ecuador, es considerada estratégica por albergar ecosistemas únicos y representativos de la región Amazónica, se ubica en las provincias de Orellana y Sucumbíos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la Capacidad de Carga Turística en los senderos de uso público de la reserva, dotando de una herramienta de gestión a los administradores para evitar impactos ambientales que atenten contra aspectos de conservación y sostenibilidad. La métodologia usada se basó en el análisis de la Capacidad de Carga Física, Real y Efectiva. La Capacidad de Carga Real (CCR) consideró seis factores de corrección: social, accesibilidad, erodabilidad, anegamiento, vegetación y fauna. En el análisis de la Capacidad de Carga Efectiva (CCE) se consideró la Capacidad de Manejo (CM) de la zona de estudio. Los resultados demuestran una saturación en la capacidad de carga en temporada alta. La implementación de la capacidad de carga llevó no solo a mantener el uso equilibrado de los recursos en el parque sino también, junto con otros programas, a promover proyectos como la restauración de los senderos, lo que mejoró la relevancia de la aplicación de la capacidad de carga para el uso sostenible de las zonas de uso público de la reserva.
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