How and to what extent does the environment affect people’s behavior? This study focuses on a narrow and specialized statistical indicator describing human sociability – social capital, and an easily replicable method of researching the urban environment – the skeleton analysis of the urban form. Social capital is a growing in popularity and important statistical indicator which describes social environment of the place. Shape skeleton analysis allow us to model how a person perceives shapes. In this study, social capital is measured by the Putnam methodology adapted to Lithuania, and the shape skeleton methodology of the urban form is adapted based on psychological research. Artificial intelligence methods using data from urban form generated prediction which had statistically weak relationship with social capital.

Matches brought us to Vilnius. My grandmother's brother's family was working in a Nazi-occupied match factory. We still don't know whether the matches were going to the front or being used for civilian purposes. Either way, the front was moving west and the factory was following it. Its German boss had relocated to Vilnius and my family moved in along with the matches. That is why I am here today. You can't talk about Vilnius without mentioning the inter-war period, when the city was so coveted and so passionately defended. In 1918, several Eastern and Central European nations were granted independence, including Lithuania. The birth of these new countries was a lot less peaceful and harmonious than the transition that took place with the break-up of the Soviet Union in the 1990s. Poland decided to revive its old aristocrats' republic-the Rzeczpospolita-that had incorporated the whole of the area that was Lithuania before it was conquered by the Russians. In 1920, war broke out between the two countries. Given the discrepancy in size and military power (Poland was 10 times the size of Lithuania), this was like Britain attacking Belgian Flanders. Poland occupied Vilnius and a large swathe of the land surrounding it without any difficulty. 'No peace without Vilnius' became a slogan of the era. The city became the Lithuanian people's obsession, their holy grail. Whatever negotiations Lithuanian politicians entered into, they always ended up arguing over Vilnius. On the eve of World War II, the city was occupied by the Soviets, who decided to 'give it up' to Lithuania. And so a new, rueful phrase entered the Lithuanians' national mythology: 'We got Vilnius and the Russians got us.' INDEX ON CENSORSHIP 3 2OO4

The social aspect is an important but often overlooked part of sustainable development philosophy. In hoping to popularise and show the importance of social sustainable development, this study tries to find a relation between the social environment and urban form. Research in the social capital field provided the methodology to acquire social computational data. The relation between human actions and the environment is noted in many theories, and used in some practices. Human cognition is computationally predictable with natural shape analysis and machine learning methods. In the analysis of shape, a topological skeleton is a proven method to acquire statistical data that correlates with data collected from human experiments. In this study, the analysis of urban form with respect to human cognition was used to acquire computational data for a machine learning model of social capital in counties in the USA Tvarios plėtros teorijoje socialinė aplinka yra pripažinta kaip svarbus veiksnys, tačiau trūksta praktinės metodikos. Ryšio tarp urbanistinės formos ir socialinės aplinkos radimas aktualizuotų ir padėtų populiarinti socialinę tvarią plėtrą. Aplinkos įtaka žmonių tarpusavio elgesiui yra ne kartą aptartas reiškinys, tačiau praktikoje retai taikomas. Ankstesniuose socialinio kapitalo tyrimuose pateikiamos metodologijos ir statistiniai duomenys esamos situacijos analizei atlikti. Kaip žmonės suvokia formas, yra nuspėjama taikant statistinę formos analizę ir dirbtinio intelekto metodologiją – sistemos mokymąsi. Klasifikuojant formas topologinio skeleto metodologija gaunami rezultatai koreliuoja su duomenimis, surinktais per eksperimentą, kuriame žmonės klasifikuoja formas. Taikant žinomas formos analizės metodologijas, atspindinčias suvokimą, buvo surinkti duomenys modeliuoti socialinį kapitalą su sisteminio mokymosi modeliu. Sisteminis mokymasis yra dirbtinio intelekto sritis, kurioje remiantis pateiktais duomenimis automatiškai sukalibruojama kompleksinė matematinė formulė. Modeliuojant socialinį kapitalą su formos skeleto statistiniais duomenimis, geriausi rezultatai pasiekti taikant neuroniniais tinklais pagristą sisteminį mokymąsi.

The results of numerous studies which are performed on the concepts of Biophilic architecture demonstrate that it can influence emotional tension and health of the observers. Moreover Biophilic research exhibits that not only natural plants induce biophilic response, but also artificial, human creations with certain fractal dimensions or distributions of scales can have an impact. In that regard, the aim of this research is to describe the relation between measurable Biophilic properties of façades and the emotional tension inducing health problems measured with the count of medical emergency arrivals in the vicinity of the façades. To achieve the aim several tasks were completed, such as the development of a methodology of façade analysis, and application of it in an experiment to test the validity. The engineered features found by this research are based on statistical analysis of distributions of line lengths and distances between lines in a drawing of a façade. To test the methodology, a linear regression model with six features was trained and it achieved a 37 % confidence, measured with R² adjusted, predicting the number of medical emergency arrivals. Simplicity of the model allowed to make additional insights into the specificity of façade properties, and their importance to Biophilia, which establishes the scientific novelty and the significance of this research.