The current review covered most of the researches have been done since the new coronavirus found in Wuhan city of China at the end of December 2019 up to date by considering the most beneficial ones for our society. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that potentially acts on the human respiratory system. It is first found in animal then transmitted into human. The virus can be transmitted between human to human via close contact or from the tiny droplet while coughing or sneezing. WHO characterized the situation by pandemic global concern because the virus spread over 200 territories and more than millions peoples were infected and over two hundred thousand people deceased as a result of COVID-19. At the moment nothing can stop the virus from spreading, neither vaccine nor medicines were found to stop the virus and secure life of people of the planet.  The aim of the present review was to show the main feature of the SARS-CoV-2 and to find the common statements between the previously published studies on the output of their works. The other objective of this review was to encourage publics to treat the virus in safe way based on the discovery by researchers toward secure life of million peoples that could be infected by the 2019 new coronavirus. This review were summarized several researches about the SARS-CoV-2 since its appearance to present time May 2020. Several reports from WHO, CDC and FDA were included about spreading or the way of transmission, causes, prevention, diagnosis and risk factors of the COVID-19. The current review find the common statements about different aspects of the 2019 new coronavirus that could be help the new research to benefit from these statement for further investigations. This review showed that urgent steps for the current time to secure life of millions peoples is to quarantines people at home and governmental authorities have to take the responsibilities of this steps and to encourage people to stay at home and teach them the self-prevention is a better treatment for all humanities.

Labile plasma iron and tissue iron overload are major complications of thalassemia disease that increase mortality rate. The iron that is exceeding the capacity of transferrin and ferritin is the leading cause of cell oxidation of many organs such as liver, heart, endocrine systems, etc. This study is designed to investigate the status of liver, thyroid gland and the growth hormone in beta thalassemia patients. In a cross-sectional study, 65 samples of beta thalassemia major were taken who were on a regular chelation therapy and blood transfusion and were to be compared with reference values. The results of the study estimated that 98.46% of the cases had high serum ferritin level, 12.3% high ALT, 27.7% high AST, 86.15% high ALP, 69.23% high total serum bilirubin, and 36.92% high TSH level.  The results revealed that more than half of the patients had Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD).  The serum ferritin was found to be correlated with ALT and AST enzymes (p< 0.01. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin can be good markers for monitoring bile duct obstruction resulted from hemolysis and blood transfusion.

Drug analysis is an important method for determination of active components of any therapeutic drugs. HPLC, Spectrometry, Direct titration and Back-titration are common effective techniques in drug analysis. They were used in this study in a comparative way for the determination of the correct amount of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin formulations. The aim of this study is to analysis of aspirin and compares both Direct titration and Back-titration techniques to the standard HPLC technique in order to find alternative, the easy and cheaper procedure to assess the quality of active components of medications aspirin in particular in Sulaimani city. Additionally, Spectrophotometric technique were also used and compared with the standard HPLC method. The samples were collected from different local drug stores in which distribute medications to pharmacies and they were from different companies. The analyses were performed after preparing a solution from each of the samples with a standard solutions for titration procedures. Both direct and back-titration techniques were used to find the concentration of active components in aspirin samples then compared with the data from standard HPLC as a reference value. The study showed that those companies which provide medications to this region were used a standard amount of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablets. The result from Spectrophotometric method showed more accurate than both direct and indirect titration when compared to the reference value from standard HPLC technique due to the high rate of accuracy and precision of this method. However, the result also showed some inconsistent data in terms of the back titration compared to direct titration due to the inaccuracy in back titration. This study concluded with the necessity for quality control to use all these techniques for monitoring all medications which interring this region.

Drug uses is a multi-step process starting from consulting doctor, prescribing, ordering and using via individual either public or healthcare staff for therapeutic reasons. This process can be problematic for several reasons, especially in developing countries due to easily access to medications, self-diagnosis and people recommendation for certain cases. The aims of the present study were to assess the practice and attitude of medication uses and the knowledge about medication advantage and their risks by publics in Sulaymaniyah province. Then to build correlations between demographic characteristics and medication uses, in order to show the main impact of widely used medication on public health status. Finally, to provide community with statistical data about the level of knowledge, attitude and practice KAP in this region. The overall six hundred participant from the average of ten locations between governmental and privates hospitals and pharmacies as well as clinics were selected from central city and towns for data collection. The majority of participants were public from different background. The present study concluded that the 60 percentage of the participant were lack of adequate knowledge about the ability for differentiation between analgesic and antibiotic medications. The results of the current study showed inappropriate practices and attitudes that contribute to increasing health risks. It is also found that 72 percentage of participant who use prescription only drugs such as antibiotics can be possibly stopped after situation disappeared. This study also investigated several reasons for inappropriate practice, such as wrong believes with irregular consumption of medications, illiteracy, poor health services in terms of pharmacies and healthcare staff as well as easy access to most of the types of medications. Therefore, effort by governmental authorities is urgent toward reducing the risk of the situation, and negative consequences regarding inappropriate practice toward patient care in the region.

Drug uses is a multi-step process starting from consulting doctor, prescribing, ordering and using via individual either public or healthcare staff for therapeutic reasons. This process can be problematic for several reasons, especially in developing countries due to easily access to medications, self-diagnosis and people recommendation for certain cases. The aims of the present study were to assess the practice and attitude of medication uses and the knowledge about medication advantage and their risks by publics in Sulaymaniyah province. Then to build correlations between demographic characteristics and medication uses, in order to show the main impact of widely used medication on public health status. Finally, to provide community with statistical data about the level of knowledge, attitude and practice KAP in this region. The overall six hundred participant from the average of ten locations between governmental and privates hospitals and pharmacies as well as clinics were selected from central city and towns for data collection. The majority of participants were public from different background. The present study concluded that the 60 percentage of the participant were lack of adequate knowledge about the ability for differentiation between analgesic and antibiotic medications. The results of the current study showed inappropriate practices and attitudes that contribute to increasing health risks. It is also found that 72 percentage of participant who use prescription only drugs such as antibiotics can be possibly stopped after situation disappeared. This study also investigated several reasons for inappropriate practice, such as wrong believes with irregular consumption of medications, illiteracy, poor health services in terms of pharmacies and healthcare staff as well as easy access to most of the types of medications. Therefore, effort by governmental authorities is urgent toward reducing the risk of the situation, and negative consequences regarding inappropriate practice toward patient care in the region.