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Medicinal plants also called medicinal herbs, is a plant that is used to attempt to maintain health. Phytochemicals generally originated from the plant source are nothing but the bioactive compounds also known as secondary metabolites. Phytochemicals are the chemicals that present naturally in plants. Now a days these phytochemical become more popular due to their countless medicinal uses. Phytoconstituents are the natural bioactive compounds found in plants. Plants naturally synthesize and accumulate some secondary metabolites like alkaloids, sterols, terpenoids and flavonoids. Phytochemicals are present in different parts of plants. Phytochemical play a vital role against number of diseases such as asthma, arthritis, cancer etc. Unlike pharmaceutical chemicals these phytochemicals do not have side effects. Essential oil is concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oil. The present study deals with Preliminary phytochemical screening and Extraction of volatile oil in Cleome gynandropsis, DC.;.

BACKGROUNDPrevalence of infection, which can be transmitted by transfusion are increasing in the community. Even after the introduction of screening tests, the incidence of transfusion transmitted infections are still reported. The seronegative window can be closed to certain extent by educating and interviewing the donor.This study is undertaken to analyse the high-risk behaviour among the donors and to find out the proportion of self-deferral of donors attending the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a prospective analysis of the donors attending the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram from November 2010 to January 2011, for having high-risk behaviour. Analysis of the prevalence of high-risk behaviour according to age, marital status and gender is done by making them fill a proforma and education was given to the donors to promote self-deferral. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done. Statistical tests done were Chi square test and Z test for proportion. RESULTSIn the study, 5184 apparently healthy donors between the age group of 18 and 60 years were studied during the period from November 2010 to January 2011. Among the 5184 donors, 639 (12.3%) donors were admitted of having high-risk behaviour and 4545 (87.7%) donors did not give any history of high-risk behaviour. Among the high-risk donors 39 (6.1%) were alcoholics, 15 (2.3%) were drug addicts, 90 (14.1%) had the habit of chain smoking, 54 (8.5%) had history of extramarital sex, 318 (49.8%) had history of homosexuality and 366 (57.3%) had history of pre-marital sex. Many of the donors had more than one risk factor. According to age wise classification in 18 -30 years of age group, out of the 3213 (62%) donors 390 (12%) gave history of risk factors, 2823 (88%) had no history of risk factor. In 31 -40 age group, out of the total 1500 (28.9%) donors 1314 (88%) had negative history and 186 (12%) gave positive history. Among the 450 (8.6%) donors of 41 -50 years' age group, 387 (86%) gave negative history and 63 (14.1%) gave positive history. In age group of 51 -60 years out of the total 21 (0.5%) donors none gave any history of risk factors. The age wise distribution of high-risk behaviour among donors were almost the same as in the distribution of donors according to age. There was no statistically significant variation in any of the age groups, p value > 0.05. On gender wise analysis, only six females donated during the study period and one of them gave positive history for high-risk behaviour. Of the total 5184 donors, 2283 (44%) of the donors were married and 2901 (56%) were unmarried. Among the donors with positive history, 51.6% belonged to the married group and 48.4% belonged to the unmarried group. Donors with negative history, 43% belonged to married group and 57% to unmarried group. The positive history for risk factors were significantly high in the married group and significantly low in the unmarried group, p value < 0.01; ...