For many years of creating a new breeding material for winter rye in the changing soil and climatic conditions of the Novozybkovskaya Agricultural Management Plant, the influence of precipitation during the growing season on the grain productivity of diploid winter rye has been studied. It has been established that the lack of moisture during ear formation and maximum growth of the leaf surface (May) and excess during grain ripening (July) negatively affects productivity. The new varietal material of diploid winter rye showed resistance to lodging of 5 points, since the plant height averaged 109 cm with a variation from 98 to 126 cm. The number of productive stems at a seeding rate (manual) of 600 thousand grains/ha averaged 10 pieces, varying from 5 to 16 over the years with a dense elastic straw. The spike is 14 cm long with 42 spikelets and the grain weight from an ear is 2.7 g, the grain yield is 700–800 g/m2. With a high number of productive stems, an economically effective seeding rate of 150–170 kg / ha has been established, which ensures production of up to 5–6 t/ha of grain in production crops.