Communication, both written and oral, as the key to academic and professional success has received much scholarly attention in the academic communities of Western Europe and North America. However, in the Eastern European educational scene, teaching academic communication, especially academic writing, in institutions of higher education has been largely neglected for a long time. This research attempts to look at academic writing practices at two universities in Ukraine and Poland from the students’ perspectives. The survey conducted among students pursuing master’s degrees in education and pedagogy at both universities aimed to reveal their attitudes, beliefs and opinions in three domains: cognitive, social and affective. The results lead to some important inferences: students’ exposure to academic writing is insufficient; the potential of writing as a learning tool is not fully understood; students’ awareness of academic integrity is rather low. The tendencies observed across institutions are mostly similar with occasional significant differences.
Modern cutting edge technologies of chemical synthesis enable the production of unique nanostructures with excess energy and high reactivity. Uncontrolled use of such materials in the food industry and pharmacology entail a risk for the development of a nanotoxicity crisis. Using the methods of tensometry, mechanokinetic analysis, biochemical methods, and bioinformatics, the current study showed that chronic (for six months) intragastrical burdening of rats with aqueous nanocolloids (AN) ZnO and TiO2 caused violations of the pacemaker-dependent mechanisms of regulation of spontaneous and neurotransmitter-induced contractions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) smooth muscles (SMs), and transformed the contraction efficiency indices (AU, in Alexandria units). Under the same conditions, the fundamental principle of distribution of physiologically relevant differences in the numeric values of the mechanokinetic parameters of spontaneous SM contractions between different parts of GIT is violated, which can potentially cause its pathological changes. Using molecular docking, typical bonds in the interfaces of the interaction of these nanomaterials with myosin II, a component of the contractile apparatus of smooth muscle cells (SMC) were investigated. In this connection, the study addressed the question of possible competitive relations between ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles and actin molecules for binding sites on the myosin II actin-interaction interface. In addition, using biochemical methods, it was shown that chronic long-term exposure to nanocolloids causes changes in the primary active ion transport systems of cell plasma membranes, the activity of marker liver enzymes and disrupts the blood plasma lipid profile, which indicates the hepatotoxic effect of these nanocolloids.
Background. Currently, nano-sized materials of titanium dioxide (TiО2) have wide industrial uses, particularly in the food industry and pharmacology. Therefore, the problem of TiО2 toxicity to living organisms in case of their chronic in vivo intake needs thorough investigation. As nanoparticles enter the internal environment of the body, they spread with the bloodstream to tissues and organs, where they partially accumulate. Thus studying the state of the pacemaker mechanisms of regulation of smooth muscle spontaneous contractions in the stomach and large intestine under chronic exposure to TiО2 nanoparticles is relevant and interesting. The purpose of this research work was to study the spontaneous contractile activity of the gastric and large intestine smooth muscles of rats under chronic (for 6 months) intake of an aqueous suspension of TiО2 nanoparticles. Materials and Methods. Wistar rats were used in the experiments. Rats of the experimental group were daily intragastrically administered an aqueous suspension of ТіО2 nanoparticles for six months at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The study of the mechanokinetics of the contraction-relaxation process of muscle preparations was carried out according to the method (Kosterin et al., 2021) with the calculation of the mechanokinetic parameters of the contraction-relaxation cycle: force (Fmax, FC and FR), time (τ0, τC and τR), impulse (Іmax, ІC and ІR) and velocity (VC and VR). Results. A comprehensive mechanokinetic analysis of spontaneous contractions of the antrum and caecum circular smooth muscles was carried out in control and under chronic in vivo exposure to ТіО2 nanocolloids (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 6 months. It was found that the chronic action of ТіО2 nanocolloids significantly inhibits the contractile activity of the antrum smooth muscles accompanied by a decrease in all mechanokinetic parameters of time, force, velocity and impulse. Under the same conditions, inhibition of the spontaneous contractions of the large intestine smooth muscles was observed. However, the time (τ0, τC and τR) and impulse (Іmax, ІC and ІR) parameters increased for these muscles against the background of the decrease in the force and velocity mechanokinetic parameters. Conclusions. Modulation of the mechanokinetic parameters of the spontaneous contractile activity of the stomach and large intestine smooth muscles of rats under chronic intragastric administration of ТіО2 nanocolloids suggests that the functioning of pacemakers changes significantly under these conditions. Since the parameters of the contraction and relaxation phases of both the stomach and the large intestine smooth muscles do not differ by the magnitude of the inhibitory effects, it can be assumed that the effects of ТіО2 are not specific for particular Са2+ transport systems involved in contractile responses.
присвячена вивченню відповідності стану академічної комунікативної підготовки студентів природничих спеціальностей у ЗВО України до вимог відповідних галузевих стандартів вищої освіти. Мета цього дослідження-розглянути теперішній стан АКП студентів природничих спеціальностей в українських ЗВО та його відповідність до вимог державного стандарту вищої освіти для цих спеціальностей. Основними методами цього дослідження стали загальнонаукові теоретичні методи, а саме: аналіз, синтез, індукція, дедукція, порівняння, класифікація, узагальнення та конкретизація. Проаналізовано зміст проектів ГСВО для спеціальностей галузей знань «біологія» та «природничі науки», виявлено та класифіковано компоненти академічної комунікативної компетентності, включені до переліків загальних та спеціальних компетентностей випускника І-го та ІІ-го рівнів вищої освіти. Вивчено нормативні документи окремих ЗВО України: робочі навчальні плани підготовки бакалаврів та магістрів, робочі програми навчальних дисциплін, навчально-методичне забезпечення навчальних дисциплін. Виявлено невідповідність фактичного стану академічної комунікативної підготовки студентів природничих спеціальностей вимогам державного стандарту освіти. Водночас, відзначено тенденцію до покращення якості такої підготовки завдяки трансформаційним процесам, які мають місце у вітчизняній освіті, зокрема автономізації ЗВО та заохоченню «ініціатив знизу». Ключові слова: академічна комунікативна підготовка; академічна комунікативна компетентність; галузевий стандарт вищої освіти; нормативні документи ЗВО; групи компетенцій; майбутні фахівці природничих спеціальностей.
КОЗОЛУП Марія -кандидат педагогічних наук, доцент кафедри іноземних мов для природничих факультетів, Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, вул. Університетська, 1, Львів, 79000, Україна (forys_maria @yahoo.co.uk)
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