Objectives: To assess which skin suture pattern—simple, vertical mattress, horizontal mattress, Allgöwer–Donati (AD), or running subcuticular—enables the greatest degree of perfusion as measured by indocyanine green laser angiography after ankle fracture surgery. Design: Prospective, randomized. Setting: Level 1 Academic Trauma Center. Patients/Participants: Seventy-five patients undergoing ankle fracture surgery were prospectively randomized to 1 of 5 skin suture patterns (n = 15 per cohort). Patient demographics and operative parameters were similar between groups. Main Outcome Measurements: Skin perfusion was assessed intraoperatively after skin closure using indocyanine green laser angiography and quantified in fluorescence units. Two perfusion values were collected: (1) mean incision perfusion was the mean of 10 points along the incision and (2) mean perfusion impairment was the perfusion difference between the incision and the skin adjacent to it. We also collected a postoperative patient scar assessment score. Results: Running subcuticular closure had significantly better mean incision perfusion than all other closure patterns. Mean perfusion impairment also favored running subcuticular closure, which was significantly lower than all other suture patterns except AD. We found no patient perceived cosmetic differences between the 5 suture pattern types. Conclusions: Running subcuticular suture pattern resulted in the greatest incision perfusion than simple, horizontal mattress, vertical mattress, and AD techniques after ankle fracture fixation. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Noncemented press-fit femoral stems predominate in total hip arthroplasty for all age groups with generally excellent long-term survivorship. The 2021 American Joint Replacement Registry reports that 96% of all elective primary total hip arthroplasties used noncemented femoral implant fixation. 1 Today, there are many styles of press-fit stems, each with supposed benefits, based on a range of design philosophies. Design aspects to consider when selecting a stem are numerous, including stem geometry, stem length, collared or collarless, material properties, and surface structure. Although most stem designs demonstrate excellent results, the differences in stem designs are intimately linked to additional factors such as ease of use/ implantation, percentage of surface osseointegration, overall bone removal versus bone stock preservation, subsequent femoral stress shielding, and consideration of complexity of later revision. A surgeon with a broad understanding and appreciation of femoral stem designs should be prepared to select between the multitude of options to best serve individual patients.
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