Endobronchial electrocautery is effective and safe when used as an ablative modality in malignant and benign airway obstruction and has a comparable profile to laser with the advantage of lower cost.

Evidence-based protocols for teaching EBUS-guided TBNA and other advanced bronchoscopic procedures are necessary as these technologies continue to expand into general pulmonary practice. Ongoing research in bronchoscopy education promises to guide proper and effective training of clinicians to achieve learners' satisfaction and optimal patient outcomes.