The evolution in surgical techniques, most notably use of a muscle-splitting approach to the flexor-pronator mass, decreased handling of the ulnar nerve, and use of the docking technique, have resulted in improved outcomes and reduced complications. Although injury to the UCL was once a career-ending injury in overhead athletes, development and continued evolution of UCL reconstruction have made return to previous or higher level of athletic participation in sports highly likely. Future research should continue to utilize higher levels of evidence and compare new graft fixation techniques in an attempt to further improve the ability of overhead athletes to return to sports.

The frequency of UCL reconstruction is steadily rising in New York State and becoming more common in adolescent athletes. Emphasis on public education on the risks of overuse throwing injuries and the importance of adhering to preventative guidelines is essential in youth baseball today.

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There has been a substantial increase in the overall volume and the population-based incidence of acromioplasties in recent years on both the state and national levels in the United States. The reasons for this increase have yet to be determined and are likely multifactorial, with patient-based, surgeon-based, and systems-based factors all playing a role.