The implantation of bone substitutes depends on the material’s osteoconductive potential and the structure’s porosity Porosity is a characteristic feature of most materials. The porosity of materials has a strong influence on some of their properties, both structural and functional. An essential requirement for bone scaffolds is porosity, which guides cells into their physical structure and supports vascularization. The macroporosity should be large enough and interdependent for bone ingrowth to occur throughout the entire volume of the implant. The pore size for cell colonization in bioceramics is approximately 100 μm. Pores larger than this value promote bone growth through the material. This pore size allows the flow of growth factors and cell adhesion and proliferation, allowing the formation of new bone and developing the capillary system associated with the ceramic implant. Porosity also affects the rate of resorption of ceramics: the larger the number of micropores, the higher the dissolution rate. The investigated properties were elastic moduli, ultimate strength, compressive strength, and average apparent density. The results obtained in this work are consistent with previous studies, proving the positive role of microporosity in osseointegration and bone formation.

It has been proven that the main factor in the uncertainty of laboratory results is biological variation, that is, a change in the composition of human biomaterials, reflecting the course of life processes in the body and is characterized by a combination of the constancy of the internal environment and dynamic fluctuations around the homeostasis point. The paper offers objectively substantiated recommendations for the accuracy of laboratory tests, established maximum allowable values of analytical errors of quantitative research methods (measurements) of physical quantities (composition and properties of components of biological materials, analytes) in samples of biological materials. The interpretation of LOD and LOQ for detecting the concentration of leaching micro-impurities in the bioliquid. The identified patterns indicate that the elements of microimpurities have different dissolution rates. The ratio of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate affects the dissolution rate of the material: the higher the content of β-tricalcium phosphate, the higher the dissolution rate. The results of the research allow establishing recommendations for reducing inaccuracies in determining the composition of bone substitutes based on hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate, which is associated with manifestations of biological variation, reflecting the body’s response to various environmental factors and subject to statistical laws.