Our data show an association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and development of atrial fibrillation but do not support the hypothesis that unrecognized subclinical hyperthyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with other cardiovascular disorders or mortality.

Combining results from 4 clinical trials, randomization to cinacalcet led to significant reductions in the risk of parathyroidectomy, fracture, and cardiovascular hospitalization, along with improvements in self-reported physical function and diminished pain. These data suggest that, in addition to its effects on PTH and mineral metabolism, cinacalcet had favorable effects on important clinical outcomes.

pproximately 347 million persons worldwide have diabetes mellitus. 1,2 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 25.8 million persons (8.3% of the US population) had diabetes in 2010. 3 Substantial racial/ ethnic differences in the prevalence of diabetes in the United States have also been noted. National estimates report that, in persons aged 20 years or older in the United States, 14.2% of American Indians and Alaskan natives, 12.6% of non-Hispanic blacks, 11.8% of Hispanics, 8.4% of Asian Americans, and 7.1% of non-Hispanic whites have received a diagnosis of diabetes. 3 Diabetic eye disease is a leading cause of vision loss in persons aged 20 to 74 years. 4 Of the visually disabling conditions in persons with diabetic eye disease, diabetic macular edema (DME), left untreated, is a common cause of vision loss. 5 It affects central vision and can lead to decline in vision ranging from slight visual blurring to blindness, substantially affecting independence and quality of life. 6,7 At least since the 1980s and until 2010, focal/grid laser photocoagulation was the standard of care for treating macular edema, reducing the risk of vision loss, and increasing the possibility of vision gain compared with no treatment. 8 More recently, in phase II and III trials of ranibizumab and aflibercept and phase II trials of bevacizumab, intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents have been shown to be superior to focal/ grid laser photocoagulation in decreasing the risk of vision loss and increasing the possibility of vision gain. [9][10][11][12][13][14] In planning the IMPORTANCE Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in persons with diabetes mellitus. Although there are national estimates for the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors among persons with diabetes, to our knowledge, no comparable estimates are available for DME specifically.OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of DME in the US population and to identify associated risk factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA cross-sectional analysis of 1038 participants aged 40 years or older with diabetes and valid fundus photographs in the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe overall prevalence of DME and its prevalence according to age, race/ethnicity, and sex. RESULTSOf the 1038 persons with diabetes analyzed for this study, 55 had DME, for an overall weighted prevalence of 3.8% (95% CI, 2.7%-4.9%) or approximately 746 000 persons in the US 2010 population aged 40 years or older. We identified no differences in the prevalence of DME by age or sex. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of having DME were higher for non-Hispanic blacks than for non-Hispanic whites (odds ratio [OR], 2.64; 95% CI, 1.19-5.84; P = .02). Elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin A 1c (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26-1.71 for each 1%; P < .001) and longer duration of diabetes (OR, 8.51; 95% CI, 3.70-19.54 for Ն10 vs <10 yea...

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