The present study tested the validity of the College-Level Examination Program's General Examination in English Composition (CLEP). With essay and objective tests as the criteria of writing performance, groups of Utah State University students that had completed Freshman English (FE Group) were compared with groups of Utah State University students who had been excused from FE based on their CLEP scores (CLEP Group). Advanced Placement students also participated in the study. From the data, inferences were made that (1) the CLEP had been accurately applied at Utah State University, and (2) the CLEP can validly be used to excuse Utah State University students from FE.

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This study used Rotter's I-E scale to investigate the efficacy of a Life Planning Workshop in facilitating development of an internal locus of control for 5 male and 8 female college students seeking assistance with vocational planning and decision making. Findings showed participants made significantly greater progress ( p < .05) than did a control group of 11 nonparticipants in the development of an internal locus of control.

These results provide guidance for improving the generalizability of the standardized patient-based stations by combining the scores on the performance and written components using appropriate weighting procedures.

The purpose of this article is to provide expert viewpoints on the topic of diversity in the chiropractic profession, including cultural competency, diversity in the profession, educational and clinical practice strategies for addressing diversity, and workforce issues. Over the next decades, changing demographics in North America will alter how the chiropractic profession functions on many levels. As the population increases in diversity, we will need to prepare our workforce to meet the needs of future patients and society.