The biblical record attempts to present the Levites as a clerus minor under the Aaronides, a second class priestly order occupying a mediating role between them and the larger Israelite public. But scholars have long recognized that this literary presentation obscures a much more complicated reality pertaining to the origin of the Levites and their role in the development of Israelite religion. This study provides a renewed examination of the Levites as a social entity within ancient Israel, providing a detailed picture of their origins, their ideas, their response to adversity, and the deep impact of the traditions they forged and preserved in literary form. The Levites’ own sense of social place and purpose persistently set terms for Israel’s own developing sense of identity—from the era before the rise of kingship, the formation of the northern kingdom, the emergence from Neo-Assyrian imperialism in the late seventh century BCE, the experience of exile under Babylon, and finally the complicated cultural negotiations under the Persian empire. An examination of the Levite traditions that emerged sheds new light on the role of myth in the formation of group identity boundaries both within and beyond Israelite/ancient Jewish social horizons.

Scholars typically view Jeremiah 26-45 as a collection of episodes constructed during the Babylonian exile that attempts to prove the authenticity of Jeremiah's prophetic status. But Jeremiah's prophetic legitimacy was already widely accepted during the period of the Babylonian exile. These chapters serve a different purpose, namely, to provide a response by the Deuteronomistic scribes to the rise of the Ezekiel tradition and the Zadokite priesthood that threatened their influence among the exilic population. By subsuming their work within an existing and earlier collection of Jeremianic literature, the ideology and political agenda of the Deuteronomists was fused with the literary legacy of a widely respected prophet, giving rise to a larger literary collection that left a profound and lasting impression on Israel's intellectual and social history.

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