The present guideline for cell therapy is safe and shows efficacy in patients with SCI, mainly in recovery of sphincter dysfunction, neuropathic pain and sensitivity.

Intravenous acetaminophen given to young children undergoing primary cleft palate repair was associated with opioid-sparing effects compared to placebo. The fewer morphine doses during ward stay in both intravenous and oral may be important clinically in some settings.

The classification scheme presented centers on the missing maxillary subunits. The reconstructive algorithm is based on the type of defect, tissue requirement, and donor tissues necessary to restore facial projection and prosthodontic rehabilitation. Iliac crest and fibula bone free flaps are ideal for restoring a variety of traumatic maxillary defects. The authors advocate early reconstructive intervention using vascularized bone flaps to achieve superior functional and cosmetic outcomes.