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The transition of classical power distribution grids towards actively operated smart grids locates new functionality into intelligent secondary substations. Increased computational power and newly attained communication infrastructure in thousands of secondary substations allow for the distributed realization of sophisticated functions, which were inconceivable a few years ago. These novel functions (e.g., voltage and reactive power control, distributed generation optimization or decentralized market interaction) can primarily be realized by software components operated on powerful automation devices located on secondary substation level. is crucial and has a broad set of requirements. In this paper, we present a flexible and modular software ecosystem for automation devices of substations, which is able to handle these requirements. This ecosystem contains means for high performance data exchange and unification, automatic application provisioning and configuration functions, dependency management, and others. The application of the ecosystem is demonstrated in the context of a field operation example, which has been developed within an Austrian smart grid research project.

Collisions of ground state N ϩ ions with N 2 were investigated in a Guided Ion Beam ͑GIB͒ apparatus at center-of-mass ͑CM͒ collision energies up to 10 eV. Isotopic labeling of the target gas, 15 N 2 , was used as one criterion to distinguish electron transfer, atom transfer, and isotope exchange channels. The absolute cross sections are in good agreement with previous measurements. By combining the GIB technique with time-of-flight analysis ͑acronym GIB-TOF͒ more detailed information on the reaction dynamics has been obtained. The product velocity distributions measured for 15 N 2 ϩ and 14 N 15 N ϩ indicate that both, electron and atom transfer, have to be divided into at least two parts, a direct one and one which seems to be characteristic for a long lived complex. The branching ratios derived for these four channels show a strong energy dependence. The mean product kinetic energy indicates that the remaining nitrogen atom is most probably formed in the metastable N(2 D) state. For the nearly thermoneutral 14 N ϩ-15 N ϩ isotope exchange it was observed that a significant fraction of the translational energy is transferred into internal excitation of the neutral molecule.

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