The effect of growth conditions, anisotropy and polarity of specimens on the mechanical properties of lanthanum-gallium tantalate La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14 single crystals grown in different atmospheres (argon (Ar), argon with oxygen addition (Ar+(<2%)O2 and Ar+(2%)O2) and air) was studied. The test specimens for the measurements were cut perpendicularly to a 3rd order axis (Z cuts) and in polar directions perpendicular to a 2nd order axis (Y cuts). The polarity of the Y cut specimens was tested by piezoelectric response. The brittleness was evaluated by microindentation at 3, 5, 10 and 25 g loads. The brittleness proved to show itself at a 5 g and the higher loads regardless of growth atmosphere. Therefore microhardness tests were done at loads of within 3 g. The microhardness HV of the specimens was measured with an DM 8B Affri microhardness tester by Vickers methods. The hardness H, elastic modulus E and elastic recovery coefficient R were measured with a Berkovich pyramid on a CSM Nano-Hardness Tester using the instrumented indentation (nanoindentation) method. Growth atmosphere was shown to affect the mechanical properties of lanthanum-gallium tantalate crystals: crystals grown in an oxygen-free argon atmosphere had the lowest microhardness, hardness, elastic modulus and elastic recovery coefficient. The lowest microhardness was detected in Z cut specimens regardless of growth atmosphere. The mechanical properties of polar Y cuts proved to be anisotropic: the microhardness, hardness, elastic modulus and elastic recovery coefficient of these cuts were lower for positive cuts than for negative ones regardless of growth atmosphere. Y and Z cut langatate specimens grown in argon with less than two percent oxygen exhibited strong elastic modulus and elastic recovery coefficient anisotropy.