Cities have started to restructure themselves into ‘smart cities’ to address the challenges of the 21st Century—such as climate change, sustainable development, and digital disruption. One of the major obstacles to success for a smart city is to tackle the mobility and accessibility issues via ‘smart mobility’ solutions. At the verge of the age of smart urbanism, autonomous vehicle technology is seen as an opportunity to realize the smart mobility vision of cities. However, this innovative technological advancement is also speculated to bring a major disruption in urban transport, land use, employment, parking, car ownership, infrastructure design, capital investment decisions, sustainability, mobility, and traffic safety. Despite the potential threats, urban planners and managers are not yet prepared to develop autonomous vehicle strategies for cities to deal with these threats. This is mainly due to a lack of knowledge on the social implications of autonomous capabilities and how exactly they will disrupt our cities. This viewpoint provides a snapshot of the current status of vehicle automation, the direction in which the field is moving forward, the potential impacts of systematic adoption of autonomous vehicles, and how urban planners can mitigate the built environment and land use disruption of autonomous vehicles.

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Graduate and certificate programs in nonprofit management education are a growing element in the professional preparation of nonprofit managers. At an aggregate level, we know the number and types of programs available for students interested in pursuing advanced degrees in nonprofit management, but we know little about the students who attend these programs and why they chose these programs. To learn more about who these students are and why they choose nonprofit management programs, a survey was conducted in spring and summer 2000 of nonprofit management students enrolled in graduate or certificate programs at six universities across the United States. Results describe the demographic profile of these students, the reasons they sought academic training, and the characteristics they considered important when choosing a nonprofit management education program.Accompanying the growth and development of nonprofit management as a recognized profession has been the parallel establishment of academic programs that serve the nonprofit sector. Nonprofit management education is a significant and expanding element of the professional development of nonprofit managers and leaders. Postbaccalaureate programs, including master's degree programs, certificate programs, and even doctoral concentrations in nonprofit management, are now found in many universities in the United States and in institutions of higher learning around the world.Working professionals who are seeking nonprofit management graduate or certificate programs can choose from educational opportunities in schools Note: This research was supported by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. The authors would like to thank both the directors of programs at the six participating institutions for their time and interest and the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful and helpful comments and suggestions.

Online gambling offers valuable insights into the relationship between real and virtual places. Gambling in most countries is highly regulated, with its geography reflecting the licensing of gambling to specific activities and locations. The ability to use the Internet challenges the legal foundation for gambling by offering access in an efficient and private way from distant locations. The heaviest concentration of gambling websites is found in North America and the Caribbean, with the leading locations for gambling-domain-name registrations being the United States, Canada, Antigua and Barbuda, Costa Rica, the United Kingdom, and St Kitts and Nevis. In this paper I explore the location and operation of Internet-gambling websites, with emphasis on the legal and economic geography of this activity.