The aim of the article is to examine the consequences of exclusion from school and work on the later life of young people. The article is based on a longitudinal study concerning Finnish youths who were unemployed and had not continued their schooling after compulsory school in 1985 (n = 6983). The life-courses of these youths were followed up to and including the year 2000. According to the results, dropping out of education and working life after compulsory schooling quite strongly predicted a weak educational and labour market position. However, there were also many persons in the target group who had continued their education at a later age and succeeded in finding their place in working life. Altogether, the results suggest that it should not be taken for granted that dropping out of education and work in youth necessarily lead to exclusion in later life. Both exclusionary and successful life careers were represented in the data, although the former were more common.
Impostor syndrome (IS) refers to the inner speech of self-doubt and the belief that you are not as competent as others perceive you to be. The university can be considered a work environment prone to IS, especially because of the requirements of present higher education and science policy, which emphasizes continuous evaluation, a competitive spirit, and a focus on performance and excellence. It is therefore understandable that many doctoral students have begun to experience inadequacy and uncertainty during their postgraduate studies. This study focuses on the prevalence of IS among Finnish PhD students (n = 1694). In particular, attention is paid to the background factors in which experiences of uncertainty and attitudes related to IS are linked. Theoretically, we interpret IS as a phenomenon related to the habitus formed through an individual’s life experiences and the inner speech associated with it. Based on the results of the linear regression analysis, the lack of encouragement in childhood and a low level of planning when applying for doctoral studies explain the emergence of IS in a statistically significant manner.
Mielenterveyssyistä johtuvat sairauspoissaolot ja työkyvyttömyyseläkkeet ovat lisääntyneet Suomessa viime vuosikymmeninä. Sen vuoksi on tarpeen tutkia mielenterveyskuntoutujien yksilöllisiä elämäntilanteita sekä heidän kuntoutumistaan ja kiinnittymistään yhteiskuntaan. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan mielenterveyskuntoutujien kuntoutusprosessia erityisesti koulutus- ja työtoimijuuden näkökulmasta. Tutkimusaineistona käytetään aikuisten mielenterveyskuntoutujien kirjoittamia elämänkerrontoja (n = 42). Elämänkerrontojen teema-analyysin ja tyypittelyn perusteella kirjoittajat jaettiin kolmeen erilaiseen ryhmään, jotka nimettiin toimijoiksi (9), taistelijoiksi (18) ja tipahtaneiksi (15). Toimijat olivat aktiivisia oman kuntoutumisensa, koulutuksensa, työnsä sekä kokonaiselämänsä suhteen. Heillä oli vahva pyrkimys hakeutua koulutukseen, palata takaisin työelämään tai ylläpitää nykyinen koulutus- ja työtilanteensa. Taistelijat olivat puolestaan omassa kuntoutusprosessissaan matkalaisia, jotka halusivat olla yhteiskunnan tarpeellisia jäseniä. Myös heillä oli koulutukseen ja työhön liittyviä haaveita, mutta keinot oman elämän hallitsemiseksi olivat toisten ihmisten tuen varassa. Tipahtaneet olivat luovuttaneet sekä oman kuntoutumisensa että koulutus- ja työtoimijuutensa suhteen. Heillä ei ollut enää koulutukseen tai työhön liittyviä tavoitteita. Abstract Mentally wounded. Research of Education and Work Agency of Mental Health Rehabilitees Mental health related sick leaves and early pensions have increased enormously in our society in the last decades. That is why it is important to study the life narratives of mental health rehabilitees, especially focusing on individual and societal factors connected to rehabilitation, education and work agency. The data of this research consisted of 42 self-written life stories of adult mental health rehabilitees. Based on theme analysis and typification, life stories were divided into three groups: agentic actors (9), warriors (18) and dropouts (15). Agentic actors were described as active agents of their own rehabilitation, education, work and life. They had strong intentions to participate in education and work. Warriors seemed to be more like passengers in their own rehabilitation process, yet they had intentions to be a necessary part of society. They had hopes and dreams towards education and work, but they seemed to be lacking concrete means to lead their independent lives. The dropouts had given up on their agency in rehabilitation, education and work. They had no more goals or intentions concerning education and work. Keywords: mental health rehabilitation, life story, education, work, agency
Artikkelissa tarkastellaan nuorten mielenterveyskuntoutujien erilaisia koulutuspolkuja, koulutusuran ongelmakohtia sekä mielenterveyden ongelmien asettamia haasteita nuorten toimijuudelle. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu nuorten mielenterveyskuntoutujien (n=28) elämänkulkuhaastatteluista, joiden perusteella heidät luokiteltiin viiteen koulutuspolkutyyppiin. Haastatteluja analysoitiin toimijuuden viitekehyksessä, joka mahdollistaa koulutusuralla tapahtuneiden yksilöllisten tapahtumien paikantamisen ja niiden merkityksen tarkastelun osana yksilön elämänkulkua. Koulutuspolkutyyppien heterogeenisyydestä huolimatta nuorten koulutusuralla oli usein samankaltaisia ongelmakohtia, joista keskeisimmät liittyivät muun muassa opinnäytetyön tekemiseen, koulukiusaamiseen, joustamattomiin opetusjärjestelyihin, psykiatrisen diagnoosin saamiseen ja sairaalahoitojaksoista johtuviin poissaoloihin. Analyysi havainnollistaa, kuinka sosiaalisen tuen ja taloudellisten resurssien puute asettavat rajoituksia ja ehtoja yksilön toimijuudelle. Haastattelut tuovat esiin myös sen, että opinnoissaan hyvin pärjäävien nuorten mielenterveysoireilu, kuten masennus tai ahdistus, saattaa usein jäädä huomaamatta ja avun saaminen viivästyä. Nuorten ongelmiin on syytä suhtautua vakavasti riippumatta siitä, kuinka hyvin he täyttävät koulun institutionaaliset odotukset. Oikea-aikainen keskusteluapu voi vahvistaa nuorten toimijuutta ja näin edesauttaa yhteiskuntaan kiinnittymistä. Asiasanat: elämänkulku, koulutuspolku, mielenterveysongelmat, sosiaalinen tuki, toimijuus *** Agency of mental health rehabilitees at critical turning points in educational trajectoriesTaina Heinonen & Markku VanttajaThe Finnish Journal of Youth Research(Nuorisotutkimus) Vol 41 (2), 55–72 The study examines critical turning points in the educational trajectories of young people with a history of mental health problems, and the challenges that these problems pose for their agency. The data consist of 28 life story interviews with young mental health rehabilitees. The life stories were categorized into five subgroups that typify the findings. The interviews were analyzed through the lens of agency, which enables locating individual events in a person’s educational career and examining their meaning as a part of an individual’s life course. Despite the heterogeneity of the subgroups, the educational careers of young people often revealed similar problems, the most significant of which were related to doing a thesis, being bullied at school, inflexible teaching arrangements, receiving a psychiatric diagnosis, and absences from school due to periods of hospitalization. The analysis illustrates how a lack of social support and financial resources strongly determines the terms and opportunities of agency. The interviews also show that mental health symptoms, such as depression or anxiety, among young people who have done well in their studies may often go unnoticed and help may be delayed. Whenever young people bring up experiences of mental distress, it is essential to pay attention regardless of how well they meet the school’s institutional expectations. Well-timed support discussions can strengthen young people’s agency and promote integration into society.Keywords: life course, educational trajectory, mental health problems, social support, agency
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