Institute of Materials, Minerals and Miningwith high oxidic inclusion cleanliness, but containing many tiny (sulphidic or complex) inclusions evenly distributed in the steel structure and having a bene cial in uence on machining.

A thermodynamic model for determining the surface tension of molten ionic mixtures derived by considering the ionic radii was extended to ternary silicate melts. The composition dependence of the surface tensions of molten silicates in ternary systems, was reproduced by the present model using surface tension information, the molar volumes of pure oxides, as well as the anionic and cationic radii of the component oxides in the system.

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