SUMMARY -Th e prevalence, type and etiology of dental and soft tissue injuries and relationship between the time of arrival and sustaining soft tissue injury were analyzed in this retrospective study conducted at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Dental Clinic in Zagreb, Croatia, during the 2010-2014 period using documentation on 447 patients (264 male and 183 female) aged 1-16 years with injuries of primary and permanent teeth. Th e highest prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) was found in the 7-12 age group and maxillary central incisors were most frequently aff ected (80.9%) in both primary and permanent dentitions. Enamel-dentin fracture without pulp exposure (31.9%) was the most common TDI of dental hard tissue in both dentitions, whereas subluxation (27.3%) was the most common periodontal tissue injury type. Th e most frequent location, cause and seasonal variation of trauma were at home, falling and spring. Soft tissue injuries were observed in 203 (45.4%) patients. Soft tissue injuries were less likely when fewer teeth were traumatized (p<0.001). Comparison of children with and without soft tissue injuries yielded a statistically signifi cant diff erence in the time to arrival between primary and permanent teeth (p<0.01). Because soft tissue injuries include bleeding and clinical presentation appears more dramatic, the time elapsed between injury and initial treatment was shorter than in non-bleeding injuries, pointing to the need of education focused on parents and school teachers regarding the importance of immediate therapy for both bleeding and non-bleeding TDIs.

Dentists and dental students can be exposed to the human immunodeiciency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) during routine work. The aims of this study were to assess a group of dental students' knowledge about HIV, HBV, and HCV infections; assess their attitudes and risk perceptions about the treatment of patients with HIV, HBV, and HCV; and identify factors associated with their knowledge and willingness to treat these patients. An anonymous survey was administered to 534 predoctoral students at the School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia. The response rate was 71.9 percent. Students' knowledge increased with each year of study. Senior students (in their third, fourth, and ifth years) had more professional attitudes and were signiicantly more positive about dentists' professional obligation to treat patients who are HIV-positive than were junior students (in their irst and second years; p=0.0002). Senior students also expressed signiicantly more willingness to treat intravenous drug users and patients with hepatitis (p=0.016 and p=0.033, respectively). Female students were signiicantly more convinced than male students that routine dental treatment carried a signiicant risk of HIV and hepatitis infection (p=0.025). These students' knowledge negatively correlated with the lack of willingness to treat intravenous drug users and patients with hepatitis, and they expressed their willingness to receive further theoretical and practical education on this topic.

Th e aim of our study was to report a series of  consecutive patients with aneurysms of the proximal segment (A) of the anterior cerebral artery. In  patients with diagnosed A aneurysms, representing . of  aneurysm patients treated at a University Clinical Center between October  and August , clinical presentation, neuroradiological fi ndings, surgical treatment methods and outcome were retrospectively analyzed. Mean patient age was . (range  to ) years. Ten saccular aneurysms were treated with micro neurosurgical approach via standard pterional craniotomy, four fusiform aneurysms with coiling, and one fusiform aneurysm with stent. No patients died during the operation. Th e mean follow-up period was  months (range  months to  years). Clinical outcomes revealed good recovery in all patients. Despite the general opinion that A aneurysms are benign lesions, an increasing number of reports have demonstrated their potential complications. To date, due to the rarity of A aneurysms, only a few consecutive series have been reported. Conduct of multicenter studies are required in order to understand clinical features of A aneurysms and devise a proper treatment plan.©  Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FB&H. All rights reserved KEY WORDS: anterior cerebral artery aneurysm, A segment, digital subtraction angiography, endovascular treatment, subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The microenvironment of the oral cavity is altered when an implant, a biocompatible foreign body, is inserted into the mouth. Bacteria settle in the tissues in and around the implant due to the passage of microorganisms through the microgap at the connection of the implant and prosthetic abutment. To prevent colonization of the implant by microorganisms, one idea is to use sealing and antimicrobial materials to decontaminate the implant–abutment interface and close the microgap. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and permeability of different types of sealing materials at the implant–abutment interface, under static conditions. Three different sealing material (GapSeal gel, Oxysafe gel and Flow.sil) were used for sealing the implant–abutment interfaces in 60 titanium dental implants, which were first contaminated with a solution containing Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans for 14 days under an aerobic condition. Results showed that a complete seal against bacterial infection was not formed at the implant–abutment interface, while for fungal infections, only GapSeal material helped to prevent microleakage. Findings of this in vitro study reported that application of sealing material before abutment connection may reduce peri-implant bacterial and fungal population compared with the interface without sealing material.

Adresa za dopisivanje doc. dr. sc. Predrag Knežević Sveučilište u Zagrebu Stomatološki fakultet Klinika za kirurgiju lica, čeljusti i usta Klinička bolnica Dubrava,