Background Preterm related complications are the single largest direct cause of neonatal deaths throughout the world, responsible for 35% of the world’s neonatal death (1.1 million deaths/year). In Ethiopia preterm related complications are still the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Identifying the hazard time to death and predictors of mortality play an important role to decrease preterm mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the survival and predictors of mortality among preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Addis Ababa public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2021. Method An institutional based prospective follow up study was conducted among 358 preterm neonates admitted to selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from February 12 to May 12, 2021. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit each sample and data was collected prospectively using structured questioner. Epi-data version 4.6 and STATA version 16 was used to data entry and analysis respectively. Kaplan Meier failure curve, Log rank tests were computed. Schoenfeld residual test was used to check overall model fitness. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to identify independent predictors of preterm mortality. Result At the end of this cohort, 125(34.9%) of the neonates died, with incidence rate of 36.4/1000 (CI: 0.031–0.044) person-day with the median time to death of 6 days. Born from antepartum hemorrhage mother (AHR: 3.1, CI; 1.4–6.6), lack of Kangaroo mother care (AHR: 5.8, CI; 2.37–14.33), unable to start feeding with in 24 h of admission (AHR: 6.4, CI: 3.33–12.28), apnea (AHR: 2.4, CI: 1.3–4.7) and dehydration (AHR: 2.33, CI: 1.3–4.3) were the identified predictors of time to death. Conclusion and recommendation The first 7 days of admission was the hazard time to death with median time of 6 days. Being born to antepartum hemorrhage mother, lack of Kangaroo mother care, unable to start feeding with 24-h, Apnea and dehydration were the predictors of time to death. Therefore, intervention that focuses on the identified predictors could have a paramount effect to prolong time to death and reduce preterm mortality.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is one of the most frequent hematologic disorders encountered in the sick neonate. This is evidenced by a fairly high prevalence among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit 22%-35%, especially in very-low-birth-weight and preterm neonates its prevalence is up to 70%-80%. In Africa, the prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia in Nigeria is 53%, 12.4% in Tunisia, and 16.2% in Libya. However, in Ethiopia, there is limited study assessed both its prevalence and associated factors. Objective: to assess the prevalence of thrombocytopenia and its associated factors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at public hospitals in Addis Ababa in 2020/21.Method: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted at NICU of selected Addis Ababa public hospitals from February 15thto March 15th, 2021. Single population proportion formula was used to determine sample size. The final sample size was 423. The collected data entered using Epi data and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Variables that have P-value<0.05in bivariable entered in to multivariable logistic regression model to control for confounder. Statistical significance declared at p-value <0.05.Results: The prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia in the study area is 66%.In this study variables such as eclampsia(AOR=4.8, 95%CI: 2.66-13.94), Prolonged rupture of membrane(AOR=0.26, 95%CI:0.101-0.669), Intra uterine growth retardation(AOR=0.26, 95%CI: 0.1-0.68), neonatal sepsis (AOR=11.98, 95%CI: 4.023-25.7), Perinatal asphyxia(AOR=6.68, 95%CI: 2.616-17.6), Necrotizing enterocolitis (AOR=14.6, 95%CI: 2.84-35.61) and prolonged nothing per mouth(AOR=0.243,95%CI: 0.084-0.705) were factors associated with neonatal thrombocytopenia.Conclusion and recommendation: Prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia in Addis Ababa public hospitals neonatal intensive care unit is high. Therefore, identifying factors associated with it used as an input in reducing the problem.