The impact of climate change on a variety of scales and on land-use policies across sectors is well-established. There will be climate-related changes to which land use must adapt, although Europe and Germany may not be as affected as other regions. Therefore, we must evaluate how climate change is perceived on a regional scale and across land-use sectors. The aim of this study is to gather information from regional land-use experts regarding their perceptions of climate change to highlight the impact of climate change on land use and to identify the risks and opportunities associated with climate change that these experts observe. With these objectives in mind, we conducted 60 semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey with regional land-use experts in agriculture, forestry, and water management in four case study regions in the North German Plain. Climate change is clearly acknowledged by the experts throughout the regions and across the sectors. Drought (particularly in the spring) and increased occurrences of extreme weather events are the most severe regional issues identified. Furthermore, with very few exceptions, climate change is mostly understood as a risk. The results of this study confirm the results from other models and prognoses but with more detail and precision at the regional level. Differences among the sectors and regions were also noted. Unlike most studies, the regional experts in our sample have already noted the impacts and risks of climate change cross-sectorally, which might be a good basis from which to begin regional adaptation.

No abstract

RESUMO. Foi avaliado o método de linearização de curvas de titulação para determinação da capacidade tamponante (CT) da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) de 13 alimentos. Foram utilizados dados individuais de dois experimentos, incluindo amostras de aveia branca, aveia preta, azevém, trevo branco e trevo vermelho (ensaio 1), além de amostras de milho, farelo de soja, palha de trigo e cinco misturas destes alimentos (ensaio 2). As titulações foram realizadas do pH inicial até o pH 2,0. A acidez titulável (AT) foi medida como a quantidade de HCl necessária (mEq H + g -1 de FDN) para redução do pH inicial da solução até o pH 4,0; 3,0 e 2,0, e a medida taxa linear de tamponamento (TLT) foi obtida como inverso da inclinação da regressão linear entre a medida linearizada do pH, calculada como EXP (1 pH -1 ), e a adição acumulada de HCl em cada intervalo. A transformação resultou em ajuste satisfatório à regressão linear para todos os materiais estudados, com r 2 maior que 0,85 e erro-padrão residual menor que 0,059. Houve correlação positiva entre a AT e a TLT medidas nas diferentes faixas de pH. Diferentemente da AT, o método TLT permite obtenção da CT como taxa linear única, válida em qualquer intervalo de pH de 8,0 ao 2,0.Palavras-chave: acidez titulável, capacidade tamponante, fibra em detergente neutro, propriedade físico-química, regressão linear. ABSTRACT. Linearization of the titration curves for determination of buffering capacity of feed fiber in a wide pH range.A method for linearization of titration curves and its application to determine the buffering capacity (BC) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from 13 feeds and their mixtures was evaluated. Individual data from 2 essays, including samples of white oat, black oat, ryegrass, red clover and white clover (essay 1), and samples of corn, soybean meal, wheat straw and mixtures of these five feeds (essay 2). Titration was performed just to the pH 2.0. The titratable acidity was measured as the amount of HCl needed (mEq g -1 NDF) to reduce the initial pH of the solution down to 4.0, 3.0 and 2.0, and the linear buffer (LB) measure were determined as the inverse of the slope of the linear regression between linearized pH, calculated as EXP (1 pH -1 ), and the accumulated HCl in each interval. The transformation presented satisfactory fitting to linear regression for all materials evaluated, with r 2 higher than 0.85 and standard error residual lower than 0.059. A positive correlation between TA and LB evaluated in the different ranges of pH was obtained. Unlike TA, the LB method makes it possible to obtain the BC as a single linear ratio, valuable for every pH interval from 8.0 to 2.0.