Precious metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) are essential to our modern society due to their unique properties, such as high conductivity and physical and chemical resistance. They are teofn concentrated in by-products during the extraction of base metals. In the present work, a chalcopyrite leaching residue, constituted mainly of elemental sulfur and jarosites, was subjected to different pretreatments and leached with different leaching media to recover Au and Ag. The solid residue was pretreated by desulfurization,peroxidation,desulfurization+peroxidation and leached with cyanide, cyanide+glycine, and glycine. For comparison, samples without pretreatment were also leached using the same leaching media. Changes in the mineralogical species were followed to explain the effects of pretreatment and leaching medium on the dissolution of Au and Ag. Results indicate that the highest extraction of gold and silver (Au:99.50%, Ag:46.71%) is achieved by using a combined desulfurization+peroxidation pretreatment and cyanide as leaching medium.
La cianuración ha sido por años el proceso más empleado para la extracción de oro, sin embargo, las soluciones resultantes afectan al medio ambiente ya que son tóxicas y complejas. Algunos de los procesos convencionales para la eliminación de cianuro es la oxidación, no obstante, esta puede resultar lenta. Debido a lo anterior el presente trabajo se enfoca en la eliminación de cianuro con procesos de oxidación avanzada catalítica como lo son el ozono y los óxidos de hierro. Las pruebas experimentales se desarrollaron bajo condiciones controladas a nivel laboratorio, usando óxidos de hierro como catalizadores. Los resultados mostraron que al agregar 1 g/L de óxidos de hierro, la concentración inicial de cianuro (250 ppm) se lograron disminuir a 11.9 ppm en un promedio de 11 minutos, por otro lado, en las pruebas que no usaron dichos óxidos a este tiempo se tenían 150 ppm de cianuro en la solución.
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