No abstract

Understanding the response of a crop to drought is the first step in the breeding of tolerant genotypes. In this study, two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes with contrasting sensitivity to drought were subjected drought stress by withholding water for 7 days at seedling stage; physiological and protein analyses were made. Reduction percentage was recorded on leaf water content, chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll. Shoot and root lengths reductions were observed in the drought-sensitive Cultivar (Tabat) while the drought-tolerant line (EL9) showed an increase in shoot and root lengths under drought conditions. Drought tolerant sorghum line EL9 accumulated higher proline (26% increase) when compared to the sensitive cultivar Tabat (5% increase). Mass spectrometry analysis coupled with nanoflow UPLC was used to compare daily-watered with drought stressed (7 days) seedlings. A total of 36 protein spots were detected, of which 23 were recorded for one or both accessions under drought stress conditions only. These proteins were identified using MASCOT database search in accordance with sequence similarity with previously characterized proteins from the Uniprot database. The identified proteins were assigned to different functional categories as follows: Response to stress (35%); metabolic processes (26%); photosynthetic (13%); fatty acid biosynthesis (4%) and cell wall biogenesis/degradation (4%). Seven of the identified proteins under stress condition were unique to El9, in contrast to 4 proteins were unique to Tabat. This study showed a differential protein expression pattern of two sorghum accessions under drought stress, which will be valuable for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in the future. Also, these proteins could be potential candidates for development of markers to be used in markers assisted selection.

No abstract

No abstract

BackgroundEnteric fever has persistence of great impact in Sudanese public health especially during rainy season when the causative agent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi possesses pan endemic patterns in most regions of Sudan - Khartoum.ObjectivesThe present study aims to assess the recent state of antibiotics susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi with special concern to multidrug resistance strains and predict the emergence of new resistant patterns and outbreaks.Methods Salmonella Typhi strains were isolated and identified according to the guidelines of the International Standardization Organization and the World Health Organization. The antibiotics susceptibilities were tested using the recommendations of the Clinical Laboratories Standards Institute. Predictions of emerging resistant bacteria patterns and outbreaks in Sudan were done using logistic regression, forecasting linear equations and in silico simulations models.ResultsA total of 124 antibiotics resistant Salmonella Typhi strains categorized in 12 average groups were isolated, different patterns of resistance statistically calculated by (y = ax − b). Minimum bactericidal concentration’s predication of resistance was given the exponential trend (y = n ex) and the predictive coefficient R2 > 0 < 1 are approximately alike. It was assumed that resistant bacteria occurred with a constant rate of antibiotic doses during the whole experimental period. Thus, the number of sensitive bacteria decreases at the same rate as resistant occur following term to the modified predictive model which solved computationally.ConclusionThis study assesses the prediction of multi-drug resistance among S. Typhi isolates by applying low cost materials and simple statistical methods suitable for the most frequently used antibiotics as typhoid empirical therapy. Therefore, bacterial surveillance systems should be implemented to present data on the aetiology and current antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of community-acquired agents causing outbreaks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12941-017-0247-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.