RESUMEN: La masticación es una función orofacial aprendida y de relevancia para el desarrollo armónico del sistema estomatognático y craneofacial. Métodos no instrumentales para la evaluación de la masticación y antecedentes de caracterización de la función masticatoria en Chile son escasos. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar la función masticatoria en adultos jóvenes, específicamente el patrón masticatorio más prevalente, número promedio de ciclos masticatorios, así como el tiempo masticatorio promedio, empleando un alimento sólido. Fueron evaluados 92 sujetos, estudiantes universitarios, con edades de entre 18 y 26 años, sin distinción de sexo, con dentición permanente completa o solo ausencia del tercer molar. Los sujetos evaluados presentan mayor prevalencia de patrón masticatorio alternado (62 %), 15,1 ciclos masticatorios en promedio y un tiempo masticatorio promedio de 11,9 s. Nuestros resultados podrían ser considerados valores de referencia para la evaluación clínica de la masticación en Chile.
The so-called nonspecific factors involved in therapy have received little attention up to the present - namely, that of role induction (preparing the clients for treatment by informing them about the rationale of treatment, the treatment process, and their part in therapy). For this reason, we constructed an induction text for systematic desensitization according to the principles of instructional psychology (Ausubel), and proceeded to test it for understandability and therapeutic effectiveness. With control group design which assured the realization of the independent variable of role induction, the effective results of desensitization with role induction were compared both with those of simple desensitization and those of a waiting control group. The resultant differences in the group with role induction indicate the additional advantages of this technique for therapy. Essentially, role induction seems to manifest itself in terms of a contribution to more active, independent role formation on the part of the client.
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