on behalf of the ARTS InvestigatorsBackground-Our aims were to compare coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and stenting for the treatment of diabetic patients with multivessel coronary disease enrolled in the Arterial Revascularization Therapy Study (ARTS) trial and to determine the costs of these 2 treatment strategies. Methods and Results-Patients (nϭ1205) were randomly assigned to stent implantation (nϭ600; diabetic, 112) or CABG (nϭ605; diabetic, 96). Costs per patient were calculated as the product of each patient's use of resources and the corresponding unit costs. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. At 1 year, diabetic patients treated with stenting had the lowest event-free survival rate (63.4%) because of a higher incidence of repeat revascularization compared with both diabetic patients treated with CABG (84.4%, PϽ0.001) and nondiabetic patients treated with stents (76.2%, Pϭ0.04). Conversely, diabetic and nondiabetic patients experienced similar 1-year event-free survival rates when treated with CABG (84.4% and 88.4%). The total 1-year costs for stenting and CABG in diabetic patients were $12 855 and $16 585 (PϽ0.001) and in the nondiabetic groups, $10 164 for stenting and $13 082 for surgery. Conclusions-Multivessel diabetic patients treated with stenting had a worse 1-year outcome than patients assigned to CABG or nondiabetics treated with stenting. The strategy of stenting was less costly than CABG, however, regardless of diabetic status. (Circulation. 2001;104:533-538.)