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Abstract-Patient Registration System (PRS) is an important part of hospital environment. Therefore, semiformal model of Patient Registration System that registers the patients by assigning Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card or bracelet is presented in this paper. The existing Patient Registration Systems do not properly work due to ambiguities and semiformal modeling techniques. However, that is why we will propose formal modeling for PRS using Vienna Development Method (VDM-SL). Firstly, we develop the Unified Modeling Language (UML) based semiformal model of PRS because UML is used for better understanding of the system architecture. Formal methods are used to ensure accuracy and robustness of the system. Therefore, we transform the UML based model into formal model by writing formal specification of the system to improve accuracy and efficiency of PRS. In this way, development time, testing and maintenance cost in building RFID based PRS software is reduced to a great extent.

Background:The stress response is a common phenomenon occurred during laryngoscopy. Although this response can be transient and less harmful in healthy individuals, it might be hazardous among the many patients with underline disorders. Aim of the study:The purpose of the study was to compare the two different routes for lidocaine to determine the blunt stress response during laryngoscopy. Study design: A randomized control study was designed. Method: This randomized control study design was performed in the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat. The duration of the study was from February 2021 to Jun 2022. The participant of this study was 70 in number having age between 30-60 years and was divided into two groups via a computer-generated randomization sheet. The first group name, group-A contains 35 patients, single dose of 200mg intravenous lidocaine was given before the laryngoscopy procedure. The second group was group B consisted of 35 patients who had to receive the topical (spray) lidocaine in a single dose of 200mg. Results: Group-A patients who had received the IV, lidocaine had a systolic blood pressure mean ± SD value of 120.03 ± 9.72 with a p-value of 0.021 which indicate the systolic was under control. Diastolic pressure means ± SD value was 75.81 ± 10.46 with a P-value of 0.012 which shows the significant effect of lidocaine to reduce the pressure. Arterial pressure was measured with mean ± SD = 75.34 ± 9.61 value. Group B patients who received the topical lidocaine dose, shows a 140 ± 10.87 mean ± SD value of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure mean ± SD value was 85.42 ± 11.01 recorded. Arterial pressure with mean ± SD = 98.34± 9.13 value and significant p-value shows the higher arterial pressure. The use of topical lidocaine was not effectively controlling heart rate as indicated by mean ± SD = 99.87±10.14. Conclusion:Overall, the study suggests that prophylactic intravenous given laryngoscopy will provide a significantly positive response to handle the blunt stress response in a better way as compared to topical use of lidocaine.

Background: Hypotension is a frequent complication highly associated with spinal anesthesia during lower segment cesarean section that imposed adverse effects related to maternal as well as fetal. Purpose: The purpose: of this study is to lighten the comparison of vasopressor (Phenylephrine boluses vs. noradrenaline boluses) use to treat hypotension after spinal anesthesia in LSC patients Study design: randomized double-blind study design. Method: This randomized double-blind study was performed at the department of anesthesia, critical care, and pain medicine at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat Pakistan, and was conducted from Jun 2020 to Jun 2021. The patients aged between 20 to 40 years who went through lower segment cesarean section were part of this study. A total of 60 patients were divided into two groups namely groups A and B. Group A contain 30 patients in the same way group occupied with 30 patients and by using a random allocation procedure or protocol, the randomized number was assigned to all patients via the computergenerated system. Group A received phenylephrine and Group B received noradrenaline. Results: Statically analysis was performed using SPSS software. In the case of group A, the mean arterial pressure was measured at 115.03 ± 8.69, heart rate, beats/min was measured at 65.72 ± 9.46, and bradycardia was found in 14 (46.6%) patients out of 30 of group A with a mean value of beats 43.65 ± 3.23, hypotension was found in 4.31 ± 2.11 cases and to treat its repeated episodes with phenylephrine boluses was used 4.21 ± 1.21. In the case of group B, the mean arterial pressure was measured at 121± 9.86, heart rate, beats/min was measured at 80.42± 8.01, and bradycardia was found in 8 (26.6%) patients out of 30 of group B with a mean value of beats 45.23± 2.13, hypotension was found in 2.21± 1.03 cases and to treat its repeated episodes with noradrenaline boluses was used 3.98± 1.32 and all the variables was found with significant results. Conclusion:We conclude that noradrenaline shows ameliorated response to handle the hypotension situation after spinal anesthesia as compared to phenylephrine.