IN THE investigation of the influence of emotions on psychologic functions by one of us (O. D.), it became apparent that the technical characteristics of many of the tests used more or less commonly by psychiatrists were not known. Consequently, a preliminary study was made to determine the reliability and other characteristics of several of these tests. These results are reported in the first part of this paper, whereas in the second part the results of the influence of anxiety on some of the tests are given. In the third part, the application of these results to the customary psychiatric examination is reviewed.TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME CLINICALLY USED TESTS In order to be able to investigate the psychopathologic influences of anxiety on intellectual functions, tests were chosen for the study of attention, learning, retention, memory and thinking. Tests were selected which have been used in psychopathologic research work and in clinical psychiatry. Test scores were obtained in some cases from normal women college students and in some cases from psychiatric patients of the type on whom it was desired to use the tests later for further research. s Attention.-Although the concept of attention is greatly disputed in present day psychology, attention and its disorders have maintained an important place in psychopathology and clinical psychiatry. In our investigations, we were forced to consider the Wundtian distinction between active and passive attention because of the claim of leading psychopathologists that various mental disorders affect these two types of attention independently.1 These authors distinguish between an From the New York

Use of lean process improvement methodology and the A3 problem-solving process resulted in more efficient generation and implementation of ideas, consistent follow-up, and the ability to continuously reevaluate pharmacy service operations to ensure progress throughout the year.

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