Agriculture plays a vital role in every nation economy every nation. It represents a substantial trading industry for an economically strong country. Remote sensing and Geographic information system used to analyze and visualize agricultural environments has proved to be very beneficial to farming community as well as industry. In this paper I tried to overview application of remote sensing and geographic information system in agriculture and natural resource management. Reliable and timely information on types of crops grown, their area and expected yield is importance for government for agriculturally based country. Applications of different remote sensing techniques are important for crop monitoring, crop condition assessment and yield estimation for sustainability of agriculture and natural resources. The spectral information is the important aspect of remote sensing data for crop modeling and it is strongly related with canopy parameters which are the representative of crop health and crop growth stages. Remote sensing and GIS can also be used very effectively in land use / land cover analysis as well as damage assessment because of drought, floods and other extreme weather events. Information on meteorology and vegetation are the two major important inputs into agricultural meteorology Applications of remote sensing technologies are important and effective method to identify pestinfested and disease. It is one of the effective tools for assessing and monitoring the water resources..

Climate change is one of the world's greatest challenges and creates effects on forest ecosystem. Forest ecosystems are sensitive to climate thus; climate change has significant effects on species distributions, the growth rate and structure of forests. Changes in climate are strongly affect forest ecosystem by altering the growth, mortality and reproduction of trees. Increasing temperatures changes the timing of life cycle events (phenology), with earlier bud burst, leafing and flowering in trees. This review focuses on the effect of climate change on forest ecosystems. Climate change alters and shifts forest ecosystems both directly and indirectly. Warming temperature directly affects rate of plant photosynthesis and respiration processes, also indirectly by increasing the risk of infestation. Climate change can modify disturbance regimes that affect the carbon cycle, forest structure, species composition, and alter forest ecosystem function. Disturbances such as fire, species invasions, insect and disease outbreaks are disrupting the structure, composition and function of forest ecosystem. Fire effect on forest ecosystem includes; disturbance of wild life habitat, acceleration of nutrient cycling, and mortality of individual trees. The frequency, size, intensity, seasonality, and type of fires depend on the amount and frequency of precipitation in addition to forest structure and composition. Many pests and pathogens will reproduce more quickly, expand their ranges and invade new regions under warmer, wetter, or carbon dioxide enriched conditions. Increasing temperature has an effect on nutrient availability in the soil through the stimulation of organic matter decomposition and mineralization of soil nutrients.

Forest Certification is important component in trade of sustainable forest products or promoting trade in legally harvested forest products. It plays a great role in reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It improves conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. In this paper I tried to overview role of forest certification in Sustainable Forest Management. Forest Certification contains different criteria and it is a market-based mechanism which provides a link between producer and consumer of forest products. It enhances social, economic, environmental and cultural aspects, but this enhancement may not be the same in all region/country

Yushania alpina is an African endemic bamboo species, and it is a valuable resource in ecological and socioeconomically value in Ethiopia. However, low germination is a challenge for seedlings production besides its seed availability is scarce. To improve the seed germination capacity, using different germination ecology treatments are needed. Hence, this study was initiated to investigate the effects of different germination ecology, and to determine the qualities, size, and yield of Y. alpina seed. The collected matured fruits were processed, and then the cleaned (pure) and not cleaned (impure) seed were used for this study. This study had two phases; the first was to measure the purity, moisture content, seed character, seed yield; and the second was to investigate the effects of different germination ecology for in vitro seed germination of Y. alpina using pure and impure seeds. In this result, the purity, moisture content, seed size, seed weight, and grain yield were determined for cleaned Y. alpina seed. The interaction effects of seed type and germination ecology were highly significant on all germination parameters. The highest germination capacity (55%) of pure seed was recorded on T2 (paper + ambient temperature), followed by 38% on T1 (sand +ambient temperature), and 31% on T3 (paper + incubator (25°C)); however, these treatments produced lower results in the impure seed. In addition, the highest (23.5 days) mean germination time was recorded on T3, followed by 13.06 on T2 using impure seed, but the lowest (2.5 and 2.01) value was recorded on T1 and T2 of pure seeds. Hence, this result concluded that using sand media at ambient temperature as germination ecology is preferred to enhance the germination capacity of Y. alpina seed. Also, seed surface disinfection using antifungals is recommended to reduce seed contamination