Czekirda M, Jarosz MJ, Chruściel P. Psychosocial aspect of quality of life among working and unemployed nurses and midwives. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017; 24(3): 472-476. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1235172 AbstractObjective. The objective of the study was to explain differences in the subjective evaluation of the psychological and social aspects of quality of life in a group of working and unemployed nurses and midwives. Materials and method. The survey was conducted in a group of 620 professionally-active and inactive people (315 nurses and 305 midwives), selected by random stratified-systematic sampling. The tool used to gather empirical material was the standardized questionnaire WHOQoL-100. Results. Professionally-active nurses evaluated the mental domain less favourably (M=12.33), compared with unemployed nurses (M=12.73), and the difference between average values was statistically significant (p=.043). It is also worth noting that in the group of midwives there were significant differences in each discussed domain. The unemployed respondents evaluated more positively the overall quality of life (M=14.29; p=.005) and the mental domain (M=12.85; p=.009), while the social domain was evaluated less favourably by the professionally-active midwives (M=12.73; p=.022). Conclusions. Paradoxically, those who were unemployed made slightly more positive evaluations in comparison with the professionally active. Professional work is not a factor preferably affecting the quality of life and its psychosocial dimension. The higher quality of life of the unemployed respondents may result from the buffering impact of social support.
The family situation of seniors affected the level of quality of life. Living with their relatives may be expected to be favourable for seniors because it translates into better performance in physical, psychological and social domains. Loneliness, which frequently accompanies old age, leads to the deterioration of the quality of life.
The problem of early prophylaxis of cancer is especially important, mainly due to the results of epidemiological studies, which show high death rates due to cancer among Polish women. The objective of the study was the recognition of health behaviours with respect to cancer prophylaxis reported by the women examined, as well as the determination of the range of expectations concerning health education in the area analysed. The study was conducted in the form of a diagnostic survey and covered 242 female inhabitants of the city of Lublin situated in the Central-Eastern Region of Poland, aged 40-65. The results of the study showed that the respondents most often evaluated their health as generally 'good' or 'mediocre'. Approximately 20% of women in the study had a family history of cancer. The women examined performed self-examination of the breast less frequently than they visited a gynaecologist for a health check-up, cytological tests and mammography. Only a small group of women had densimetric examinations performed. More than a half of the respondents mentioned that they eagerly read educational materials concerning health, and acquired information which contributed to the development of health promoting attitudes.
Nursing graduates are required to have both excellent theoretical and practical skills that should be used during stressful emergency interventions. Since the received knowledge should be practiced to gain skills and trained to achieve competences, simulation exercises can be beneficial to even reduce the stress that each individual may face during emergency management of patients. A total of 146 first-year nursing students participated in the study, including 124 women and 22 men aged between 19 and 50 years, with a mean age of 32 years. The objective method estimated psychophysiological parameters (serum cortisol). Objective and subjective methods were used. The subjective method assessed stress experienced by students based on the standardized Stress Appraisal Questionnaire Version B for dispositional assessment. The study was conducted in the Monoprofile Medical Simulation Centre at the University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin, Poland and was approved by the University Research Ethics Committee. Both participants under and over 25 years of age showed increased levels of stress after low and high-fidelity simulations, with statistically significantly higher stress levels found for the low fidelity method. Low-fidelity simulation methods generated a greater increase in cortisol levels, indicating a higher stress level than the high-fidelity methods. The analysis of the scores obtained in the Stress Appraisal Questionnaire (KOS-B) showed that higher cortisol levels after the low-fidelity simulation reduced the subjective perception of a threat, while higher cortisol levels before the high-fidelity simulation promoted higher intellectual activity among the students. Levels of stress in the education of nursing students using low and high-fidelity methods can limit the sense of threat and activate professional task performance. The use of low and high-fidelity simulation does not generate destructive stress levels.
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