Synchronous cancers account for 0.7-1.8% of all gynecologic cancers. Among them, synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers are predominant (40-53%). Patients with synchronous cancers have better prognosis than those with single disseminated cancer. We present 10 patients with synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers who were treated at the Chemotherapy Department of the Medical University of Lodz in 2009-2013. The most often reported symptom of the disease was abnormal vaginal bleeding (6 patients). The range of the patients’ age was 48-62 and the median age was 56. Five patients had stage I of ovarian cancer, single patients had stage IIA, IIB and IIIB, 2 patients had stage IIIC. Three patients had I, 5 – II, and 2 – III stage of endometrial cancer. All patients had endometrioid type of endometrial cancer, 7 of them had also the same histological type of ovarian cancer. All patients had adjuvant chemotherapy because of ovarian cancer, none of them had adjuvant radiotherapy. One patient was lost to follow up. For other patients a median follow up was 13 months (range: 3-53 months). One patient experienced relapse, all patients are alive. Synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers are usually diagnosed at an earlier stage, have lower histological grade and better prognosis than single cancers. The most common histological type of both endometrial and ovarian cancers is endometrioid carcinoma. The first symptoms reported by our patients and the course of the disease were concordant with data from the literature.

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Anaemia is one of the most significant factors that lead to deteriorated quality of life and limited therapeutic possibilities in cancer patients. When treating chronic anaemia associated with a neoplastic disease, one should consider RBC transfusion or the use of recombinant human erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA). In 2007, following the golden era of ESA at the beginning of the 21 st century, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a number of warnings related to the use of ESAs. They concerned, i.e., the increased risk of cancer progression, probability of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and reduced overall survival times. That has led to a decrease in the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in clinical practice. Results of the most recent studies and meta-analyses indicate the possibility of using ESA in patients undergoing palliative myelosuppressive chemotherapy, with haemoglobin levels < 10 g/dl, and without absolute iron deficiency, in order to avoid red cell concentrate transfusions, and with the hope to improve the patient's quality of life.