W pracy opisano Pozytywną Psychoterapię Psychoz (PPP) - nowe podejście w rehabilitacji pacjentów z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii. W przeciwieństwie do niektórych tradycyjnych metod psychoterapii, PPP koncentruje się na pozytywach, a nie na problemach. Ukazano ją w kontekście innych podejść terapeutycznych stosowanych w rehabilitacji psychiatrycznej, a także opisano mechanizm zmian w funkcjonowaniu i myśleniu pacjentów korzystających z tego podejścia. PPP wzmacnia zasoby pacjentów, w tym pozytywne emocje, mocne strony, poczucie sensu, relacje pozytywne i wewnętrzne motywacje. PPP nie sugeruje, że inne podejścia są niewłaściwe, ani nie ma na celu zastąpienia ugruntowanych już sposobów leczenia. Opisano także program 13-stu sesji PPP przystosowanych dla pacjentów ze schizofrenią podzielonych na 3 grypy tematyczne i pod względem stopnia trudności . Podzielono je na: "najłatwiejszy" (delektowanie się, pozytywne rzeczy, sesje 1-4), „średni” (mocne cechy charakteru, rozpoznanie mocnych stron u siebie, zauważanie mocnych stron u innych, pozytywna komunikacja, sesje 5-7) oraz „stanowiący największą trudność” (złe vs dobre wspomnienia, wdzięczność, wybaczanie, nadzieja, optymizm i wzrost posttraumatyczny, sesje 8-13). Po wprowadzeniu PPP w Oddziale Dziennym Rehabilitacji Psychiatrycznej Instytutu Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie, zebrano początkowe obserwacje. Wstępne obserwacje zebrane po 13-stu tygodniach trwania cyklu zajęć PPP wskazują, że terapia może być z powodzeniem stosowana w rehabilitacji psychiatrycznej.

s p e r e k-Z i m o w s k a 1 , Paweł Br o n o w s k i 2 1 Klinika Rehabilitacji Psychiatrycznej IPiN w Warszawie Kierownik: dr hab. n. hum. M. Sawicka 2 Instytut Psychologii Stosowanej, Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej w Warszawie Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. hum. Cz. Czabała Summary Aim. The aim of the present study was to compare socio-demographic and clinical profile of the inpatients with dual diagnosis in Warsaw with the profile of inpatients treated in other European centres. Method. 50 patients consecutively admitted in Warsaw were included in the study; total number of patients recruited from 7 European centers was 352. Recruitment was conducted in general inpatient psychiatric departments and specialized dual diagnosis inpatient wards. Data was collected during single interview with the use of M.I.N.I and EuropAsi questionnaires. Results. Both in Warsaw and overall study population males constituted almost 2/3 of the group. Patients in Warsaw were more frequently living with relatives or other close persons as well as remained in intimate relationships in comparison to patients from other study sites. Depression was the most common diagnosis in Warsaw and it was significantly more often found it this center than in Tampere. Moreover, patients in the Warsaw group were sig-Projekt badawczy "Zintegrowane Usługi na Rzecz Podwójnej Diagnozy i Pełnego Powrotu z Uzależnienia" (ISADORA) był sponsorowany przez Komisję Europejską w ramach 5. Programu Ramowego (Projekt QLG4-CT-2002-00911). Katarzyna Charzyńska i wsp. 990 nificantly less frequently diagnosed with cannabis use disorder and more frequently-with tranquillizers use disorder. Conclusions. The differences among sites regarding socio-demographic and clinical profiles of dual diagnosis patients were due to both socio-cultural factors (e.g. psychoactive substances accessibility) and the research methodology.

Purpose of the study The aim of the study was to determine the impact of positive psychotherapy of psychosis (PPP) on well‐being in a group of patients diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia. Subjective well‐being was defined by three dimensions ‐ the sense of effectiveness, the affective balance and strengths of character. Study groups The sample consisted of an experimental group of patients (patients diagnosed with schizophrenia participating in PPP and other therapeutic and rehabilitation classes), a control group of patients (patients diagnosed with schizophrenia participating in all classes except PPP) and a control group of healthy people. There were 25 people in each group. Method The impact of PPP on subjective well‐being was measured before and after classes in both patient and control groups of healthy people using the following measures: Generalized Self‐Efficacy Scale, Positive and Negative Experience Scale and Strengths Questionnaire (IPIP‐VIA). Results The subjective well‐being was defined by (a) sense of effectiveness: the experimental group of patients achieved significantly higher level of agency compared with the state before the classes. (b) Affective balance: after the end of PPP classes, there was a sevenfold and 12‐fold increase in the number of positive emotions in both groups of patients. (c) Character strengths: After the end of therapeutic activities, the patient groups did not differ in terms of character strengths. Conclusions Positive psychotherapy of psychosis may increase the subjective well‐being of patients with chronic schizophrenia. It increases the sense of agency and the number of positive emotions experienced.

Purpose This article emphasizes the characteristics of the application of bibliotherapy in psychiatric rehabilitation of people suffering from chronic schizophrenia. The role of the bibliotherapist and methodology for conducting bibliotherapy for people with chronic schizophrenia are also described. Views The characteristic symptoms are connected to a patient’s perception of the surrounding reality differing from the norm. This may be due to the symptoms of schizophrenia and its course, in which psychoticism can become a regulative part of a patient’s personality. The academic definition of bibliotherapy proposed by Ewa Tomasik says that “bibliotherapy is an intentional activity that uses books or non-printed materials to fulfil rehabilitative, re-socializing, prophylactic and developmental aims for people from varying social backgrounds, in different age and with diverse needs”. This article focuses on and discusses the structure and course of bibliotherapy sessions embedded in individual and group rehabilitation process. An additional goal is to explain bibliotherapy as an element of the entire system of rehabilitation and therapeutic interactions which has a therapeutic effect for this system, not only in terms of individual classes. Attention is paid to the narrative nature of bibliotherapy, in combination with behavioral-cognitive, humanistic and psychodynamic interactions. Conclusions Bibliotherapy can help people suffering from chronic schizophrenia to organize their self-narrative and narratives about other people, to make them real and to organize their statements, so that the content and manner of thinking can be regulated.