Objectives This work aimed to assess the diagnostic validity of two approaches for the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with less discomfort for pregnant women. Methods A prospective diagnostic validation study was conducted with 2007 pregnant women. According to risk factors for GDM, women were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups. The current diagnostic procedure, based on oral glucose overload, was followed; simultaneously HbA1c was tested and an algorithm combining both biomarkers was applied. Results In the low-risk group, the Glucose challenge test (GCT) showed a higher area under the curve (AUC 0.953; 95% CI 0.915–0.992) than the HbA1c test (0.688; 95% CI 0.541–0.834). The best GCT cut-off, 153.5 mg/dL (8.52 mmol/L), showed higher diagnostic validity than that for HbA1c, 28 mmol/mol (4.75%), and that the algorithm using both tests. In the high-risk group, the GCT showed better diagnostic performance than the HbA1c and the algorithm; the optimal GCT cut-offs were higher than those recommended in current protocols. 13th week: GCT AUC 0.882 (95% CI 0.843–0.921), HbA1c AUC 0.624 (95% CI 0.562–0.686), GCT cut-off 140.5 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), HbA1c cut-off 33 mmol/mol (5.15%). 24th week: GCT AUC 0.944 (95% CI 0.925–0.962), HbA1c AUC 0.642 (95% CI 0.575–0.709), GCT cut-off, 145.5 mg/dL (8.08 mmol/L), HbA1c cut-off 29 mmol/mol (4.85%). Conclusions The GDM diagnostic approach using as the first step the GCT with higher cut-offs showed the best diagnostic validity. Applying these thresholds, 55.6 and 13.7% of 100 g. Oral glucose overloads would have been avoided in low-risk and high-risk pregnant women.
Resumen Objetivos El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la validez diagnóstica de dos métodos de cribado de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Métodos Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de validación diagnóstica en 2007 embarazadas. Las participantes fueron asignadas al grupo de alto o bajo riesgo, dependiendo de los factores de riesgo que presentaran. Se realizó una prueba de HbA1c simultáneamente al protocolo estándar basado en el test de O’Sullivan (TOS). Posteriormente, se aplicó un algoritmo que combinaba los resultados de ambos biomarcadores. Resultados En el grupo de bajo riesgo, el TOS mostró un área bajo la curva mayor (AUC 0,953; IC95% 0,915–0,992) que la prueba de HbA1c (0,688; IC 95% 0,541–0,834). El mejor punto de corte del TOS, 153,5 mg/dL (8,52 mmol/L), mostró mayor validez diagnóstica que el de la HbA1c, 28 mmol/mol (4,75%) y que el algoritmo basado en ambas pruebas. En el grupo de alto riesgo, el TOS mostró mejor rendimiento diagnóstico que la HbA1c y el algoritmo. Los puntos de corte óptimos para el TOS fueron mayores que los recomendados en los protocolos actuales. Semana 13: TOS AUC 0,882 (IC 95% 0,843–0,921), HbA1c AUC 0,624 (IC 95% 0,562–0,686), punto de corte para el TOS 140,5 mg/dL (7,8 mmol/L), punto de corte para la HbA1c 33 mmol/mol (5,15%). Semana 24: TOS AUC 0,944 (IC 95% 0,925–0,962), HbA1c AUC 0,642 (IC 95% 0,575–0,709), punto de corte para el TOS, 145,5 mg/dL (8,08 mmol/L), punto de corte para la HbA1c 29 mmol/mol (4,85%). Conclusiones El método para el cribado de DMG basado en el test de O’Sullivan con valores límite superiores a los recomendados fue el que mostró mejor validez diagnóstica. Si se hubieran aplicado estos umbrales, se habría evitado la prueba de sobrecarga oral de glucosa con 100 g al 55,6% y al 13,7% de las gestantes de bajo y alto riesgo.
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