No abstract

The research conducted on animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has provided valuable information about the pathogenesis of this disease and associated behavioral and cognitive deficits as well as the disease-associated anatomical and histopathological lesions of the brain. Transgenic technologies have enabled the creation of animal models based on mutations in APP, MAPT, presenilin genes, tau protein and apoE. Due to economic reasons studies are mainly conducted on mice. Their brain tissue, depending on the mutation, is characterized by histopathological changes, such as the presence of amyloid plaques, tau protein deposits and dystrophic neurites, gliosis, hippocampal atrophy and amyloid accumulation in vessels. Animal cognitive impairment and behavior, which can be demonstrated in behavioral tests, primarily relate to the working and reference memory, alternation and anxiety. Unfortunately, despite the various modifications specific to AD in the genome of animals, scientists have failed to create an animal model characterized by all the pathological changes that can occur in Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the role of transgenic animals is undeniable, both in research on AD neuropathology and for testing new therapies, such as immunotherapy. Despite the occurrence of abundant Alzheimer's disease mice models this article is dedicated to selected models with mutations in the APP, MAPT and presenilin genes and their application for behavioral studies.

Supplementary Data from Bemcentinib and Gilteritinib Inhibit Cell Growth and Impair the Endo-Lysosomal and Autophagy Systems in an AXL-Independent Manner

No abstract

Concerning aging society problem of dementia is getting more and more significant. The causes of Alzheimer Disease (AD) are still not well known. The potential role of diet in the prevention of dementia including AD arouses increasing interest. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for brain growth and development playing an important role as critical modulators of neuronal function and regulation of oxidative stress mechanisms, in brain health and disease. Behavioral research studies with animals proved that ω-3 acids have antioxidant protection on neurons during pathogenesis of AD. DHA diet supplementation in animal models proved that ω-3 acids have positive influence on memory, attention, concentration and locomotor abilities in battery of tests such as 5/9 choice, X- or T-maze and activity wheel. DHA is obtained mainly through dietary intake being not produced by mammals, whereas DHA makes up 60% of fatty acids building neuronal cell membranes. These acids have beneficial effect on cardio-vascular system and may also reduce pathology processes of dementia diseases other than AD. Updated scientific data of ω-3 acids dietary intake in elderly will be presented and discussed.