In Spain, the state of alarm declared on March 14, 2020 caused changes in the population in relation to the habits of physical activity and sports practice. This study analyzed what motivational variables predicted the self-efficacy and commitment to sports practice, as well as the differences according to gender, during lockdown and the progressive de-escalation caused by COVID-19, using the theory of self-determination as a theoretical framework. The study sample was conformed of 179 subjects (90 men and 89 women) between 18 and 65 years of age (M = 28.64; SD = 10.28). The Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (PNSE), the Physical Activity Self-Efficacy scale, and the Sport Commitment scale were applied. The most relevant results have showed significant differences in favor of the male gender in terms of levels of controlled motivation and amotivation, as well as higher levels of self-efficacy and basic psychological need of autonomy. Furthermore, the regression analysis has revealed that self-efficacy and current commitment to sports practice were explained by a variance of 57 and 64%, respectively, due to autonomous motivation and the basic psychological need of competence. Therefore, the basic psychological need of competence should be fostered in order to increase the levels of self-determined motivation, self-efficacy, and commitment to sports practice of the population.

Background/Objective : It is essential to carry out a diagnosis of people’s healthy lifestyles, in order to apply strategies to improve them. The aim of the study was to validate the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire (CEVS-II), collecting all factors that make up the concept of a healthy lifestyle, such as a balanced diet, respect for mealtimes, tobacco consumption, rest habits, alcohol consumption, other drug use and physical activity. Method : The questionnaire was completed by 1,132 people between 18 and 89 ( M = 42.43; SD = 18.69) years from different parts of Spain. Results : The seven-factor model proposed by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, according to the goodness indices, presented an acceptable fit (SRMR = .059; CFI = .973; RMSEA = .049; 90% CI [.046, .052]; χ 2 /df = 3.76), also presented good reliability indices and was endowed with concurrent validity. Conclusions : The results of the present study proved the validity and reliability of the Healthy Lifestyles Questionnaire in a Spanish population, which is an adequate instrument for the diagnosis of a healthy lifestyles in the Spanish population.

The aim of this research is focused on analyzing the alteration of the psychophysiological and cognitive response to an objective computerized stress test (Determination Test - DT-, Vienna test System®), when the behavioral response is controlled. The sample used was sports science students (N = 22), with a mean age of 22.82 (Mage = 22.82; SDyears = 3.67; MPhysicalActivity hours/Week = 7.77; SDhours/week = 3.32) A quasi-experimental design was used in which the response of each participant to the DT test was evaluated. The variable “number of hours of physical activity per week” and the variable “level of behavioral response to stress” were controlled. Before and after this test, the following parameters were measured: activation and central fatigue (Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold (CFF Critical flicker fusion ascending and Critical flicker fusion descending; DC potential), and perceived exertion (Central Rating of Perceived Exertion and Peripheral Rating of Perceived Exertion). Significant differences were found in all of the measures indicated. The usefulness of this protocol and the measures used to analyze the stress response capacity of the study subjects are discussed.

No abstract

La industria deportiva sabe que las necesidades e intereses de la población femenina no son las mismas que las de los varones y por ello en el mercado han aparecido centros deportivos y de fitness exclusivos para mujeres. El objeto de este estudio fue segmentar a mujeres que realizan prácticas físico deportivas en centros deportivos, utilizando como variables de agrupación diferentes tipos de motivación (intrínseca, integrada, identificada, introyectada, externa y desmotivación) y comprobar las diferencias entre las usuarias que acuden a centros mixtos y las que acuden a centros exclusivos femeninos. La población objeto de estudio estuvo conformada por 745 mujeres con una edad media 32.97±14.11 años, pertenecientes a 62 centros deportivos y de fitness. El 36.60% de las mujeres eran usuarias de centros exclusivos. Los resultados establecieron dos grupos. Los factores motivación identificada y desmotivación fueron los más relevantes para distribuir a las mujeres en los segmentos. El grupo uno mostró valores más altos en motivación integrada, identificada e intrínseca. El grupo dos presentó valores más altos en motivación introyectada, externa y desmotivación. En el grupo uno se encuentra la mayoría de las usuarias de centros exclusivos, mientras que un 40% de las usuarias de centros mixtos están enmarcadas en el grupo dos. Los resultados muestran que existen dos grupos de usuarias de servicios deportivos y de fitness, uno con niveles altos de motivación autodeterminada conformado principalmente por usuarias de centros exclusivos y un segundo grupo con niveles bajos de motivación autodeterminada, pertenecientes en su mayoría a centros mixtos.Abstract. Sports industry knows that needs and interests of the female population are not the same as those of men. Therefore, sports and fitness centres exclusive to women have appeared in the market. The aims of this study were to segment women who do physical-sports activities in sports centres, using different kinds of motivation (intrinsic, integrated, identified, introjected, external and lack of motivation) as a grouping variable, and to verify the differences among users who attend mixed centres and those who go to exclusive female centres. The subjects of the study were 745 women with a mean age of 32.97 ± 14.11 years, belonging to 62 sports and fitness centres. 36.60% of the women were users of exclusive centres. Results established two groups. Identified motivation and lack of motivation were the most relevant factors to distribute women in the segments. Group one showed higher values in integrated, identified and intrinsic motivation. Group two presented higher values in introjected, external motivation, and lack of motivation. In group one, the majority of users attended exclusive centres, while 40% of the users of mixed centres were placed in group two. Results show that there are two groups of users of sports and fitness services, one with high levels of self-determined motivation (composed mainly of users of exclusive centres), and a second group with low levels of self-determined motivation, mostly belonging to mixed centres.