Objetivo: Exponer los datos obtenidos tras la implementación de la prueba prenatal no invasiva basada en la detección de ADN fetal en sangre materna, como cribado contingente de aneuploidías y realizar un análisis de costo-efectividad. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, exponiendo los datos obtenidos tras la implementación del cribado contingente en 2019,en el Hospital Virgen Macarena (Sevilla), realizando prueba prenatal no invasiva si existe riesgo intermedio de aneuploidía en el cribado combinado de primer trimestre. Se compara con la estrategia realizada hasta 2018, mediante cribado combinado y pruebas invasivas en casos indicados. Resultados: Se realizó prueba prenatal no invasiva a 88 gestantes, la mayoría (73,9 %) por riesgo intermedio en el cribado combinado de primer trimestre, frente a 2018 que solo se realizó en 20 ocasiones. Se logró una reducción significativa del número de pruebas invasivas, de 101 en 2018 frente a 30 en 2019, realizadas solo en casos de cribado combinado de primer trimestre de alto riesgo. La tasa de falsos positivos de la prueba prenatal no invasiva fue del 1,1 %. Con el cribado contingente se reducen riesgos de complicaciones de pruebas invasivas y se consigue un ahorro económico final estimado de 30 084 €. Conclusiones: Aunque aún no se considera la técnica de elección de cribado universal de aneuploidías, la prueba prenatal no invasiva es más costo - efectivo a largo plazo que las pruebas invasivas. Tiene una mayor sensibilidad que el cribado combinado de primer trimestre y no tiene riesgo para el embrión o feto. Palabras clave: Pruebas prenatales no invasivas, Diagnóstico prenatal, Cribado de cromosomopatías, Biopsia corial, Amniocentesis.
Objective: To determine if there is a causal association between the pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index or weight gain, and the presence of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunctions, such as urinary and fecal incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Methods: We carried out a prospective observational cohort study with 500 pregnant women controlled at HUV Macarena (Seville)from january to april of 2012. Patients were categorized according to their pregestational BMI and the weight gain during pregnancy.We analyzed the causes of the presence of urinary and fecal incontinence and sexual dysfunction at 6,12 months and 7 years after delivery. Results: Overweight was observed in 26 %, obesity in 16,6 % and excessive weight gain in 46,7 %. Fetal macrosomia was associated with urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction in all three periods and with fecal incontinence at 7 years. Statistically significant associations were observed between urinary incontinence at 7 year and obesity, OR 2,737 IC 96 % (1,262-5,938) and between sexual dysfunction at 1 year and at 7 years with obesity, OR 7,321 IC 95 % (1,307-41,006) and with weight gain, OR 8,427 IC 95 % (1,026-69,225). Conclusions: Pregnancy and childbirth are risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunctions, since fetal macrosomia, pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive weight gain have been associated with their development. It is important to advise patients on weight control before and during pregnancy. Keywords: Obesity, Gestational weight gain, Body mass index, Pregnancy, Pelvic floor disorders.
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