Regarded as one of the best solutions to replace missing teeth in the oral cavity, dental implants have been the focus of plenty of studies and research in the past few years. Antimicrobial coatings are a promising solution to control and prevent bacterial infections that compromise the success of dental implants. In the last few years, new materials that prevent biofilm adhesion to the surface of titanium implants have been reported, ranging from improved methods to already established coating surfaces. The purpose of this review is to present the developed antimicrobial and antibiofilm coatings that may have the potential to reduce bacterial infections and improve the success rate of titanium dental implants. All referred coating surfaces showed high antimicrobial properties with effectiveness in biofilm control, while maintaining implant biocompatibility. We expect that by combining the use of oligonucleotide probes as a covering material with novel peri-implant adjuvant therapies, we will be able to avoid the downsides of other covering materials (such as antibiotic resistance), prevent bacterial infections, and raise the success rate of dental implants. The existing knowledge on the optimal coating material for dental implants is limited, and further research is needed before more definitive conclusions can be drawn.

a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oArticle history: Received 29 September 2016Accepted 31 December 2016 Available online 30 March 2017Objectives: This study aimed to assess the tobacco use by Portuguese dentists and their intervention in their patients' tobacco prevention and cessation.Methods: In 2006, a questionnaire was mailed to 5298 Portuguese dentists. This questionnaire focused on their tobacco use habits and their attitude toward tobacco prevention and cessation in their patients. In 2013, a second questionnaire was emailed to 7434 Portuguese dentists. Besides the same questions of the first one, it also focused on the characterization of the dentists' tobacco use habits and their perceived obstacles to tobacco prevention and cessation in patients. The data were analyzed using the Pearson's chi-square test.Results: A total of 1704 (32.2%) and 2048 (27.5%) inquiries answered the questionnaires completely in 2006 and 2013, respectively. Tobacco use was more frequent (p<0.001) among the dentists of the 2006 questionnaire (38.8% vs. 28.4%), who also showed more attempts and intents to quit smoking (p<0.001). The attitude toward their patients' tobacco use habits was stronger in the dentists of the 2013 questionnaire (p<0.001). The 2013 questionnaire's results revealed that only a few of the inquiries knew the 5As approach (17.0%) and prescribed pharmacological aids to quit smoking (4.0%) or a nicotine replacement therapy (12.0%).However, most of them showed potential interest in attending training sessions to learn how to help their patients quitting smoking. Conclusion:Although there is a high prevalence of tobacco use among Portuguese dentists, Consumo tabágico EnsinoObjetivos: Avaliar o hábito tabágico e a intervenção dos médicos dentistas portugueses na prevenção e cessação tabágica dos seus pacientes.Métodos: Em 2006 foi enviado um questionário por correio para 5298 médicos dentistas sobre o seu consumo tabágico e a sua atitude relativamente à prevenção e cessação tabági-ca nos seus pacientes. Em 2013 foi enviado outro inquérito por e-mail para 7434 médicos dentistas. Neste inquérito acrescentaram-se perguntas para a caraterização do consumo tabágico do médico dentista e dos obstáculos na prevenção e cessação tabágica nos pacientes. Os dados foram analisados com o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson. Contudo, a maioria mostra interesse em participar em ações de formação para se preparar para ajudar os seus pacientes na cessação tabágica.Conclusão: Existe uma elevada prevalência de consumo tabágico entre os médicos dentistas portugueses mas habitualmente estes aconselham os seus pacientes a deixarem de fumar.Torna-se necessário uma maior formação dos médicos dentistas em cessação tabágica.

This study demonstrated that CHX-CPC-Zn and CHX-triclosan-Zn have significant and similar effects in reducing VSC levels, which persist for at least 5 h. Such effects were independent of previous MPC, which failed to improve on the results of mouthrinse use alone.

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The term "periodontal disease" describes a group of chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, which can lead to their loss. 1 Although the onset of pathologies such as gingivitis and periodontitis is due to a commensal oral microbiota dysbiosis with dental biofilm accumulation, its progression and severity are influenced by host risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hormonal changes, osteoporosis, stress and genetic factors. 1-3