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Speleothem inclusions have been identified in a ceramic class, ‘flared rim and flat lip’ pottery, that is widespread in the Friuli – Venetia Giulia and Veneto regions (north-eastern Italy) between the Final Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. Textural analysis of speleothem inclusions revealed small rounded pores occurring along annual growth laminae, interpreted as the result of partial calcite decomposition during firing. Their size, number and diffusion at increasing temperatures were monitored during a set of firing experiments following heating and cooling rates, soaking times and redox conditions typical of open-firing kilns. The textural features of the speleothem inclusions turned out to represent a powerful thermometric tool to precisely determine firing temperature which, in the case of the ‘flared rim and flat lip’ pottery studied here, reduced the thermal interval to a greater extent than that obtained from mineralogical associations

Castel de Pedena (northeastern Italy) was a hillfort settlement located in the Venetian Prealps at 680 m above the sea level, in a position that likely conferred upon it a linking role between the Venetian plain and the Alpine areas. The first occupation of the area is dated to the Early Bronze Age, and continues, although intermittently, until the early phase of the Iron Age. The analysis of its Recent Bronze Age to Iron Age pottery assemblage has underlined the use of different recipes for the ceramic production over time. Variations in the raw material selection, clay processing choices, and firing conditions demonstrate a significant shift in the ceramic technology, and therefore, in the potters technological habits

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