Purpose This paper aims to determine the effect of black garlic (BG) on visceral fat, oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) compared with metformin and vitamin E in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats. Design/methodology/approach A randomized post-test only design with control group was used in this study. Rats were given high-fat fructose diet enriched with 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for eight weeks to induce NALFD condition. The administration of BG dose of 450 mg/200 gBW, 900 mg/200 gBW and 1350 mg/200 gBW with a comparative control of 45 mg/200 gBW of metformin and vitamin E of 9 IU/200 gBW were given for four weeks via oral gavage to reduce visceral fat, oxidative stress and improve IR. Statistical analyses were performed to examine differences between groups with one-way analysis of variance and nonparametrics test. Findings Rats given with three different doses of BG for four weeks did not reduce body weight from 244 ± 4.4 to 284 ± 4.6 g, 242 ± 2.5 to 272 ± 3.1 g and 240 ± 2.4 to 270 ± 3.6 g, respectively, but significantly reduced visceral fat (p = 0.001) on BG groups with 3.7 ± 1.3, 2.7 ± 0.7 and 1.8 ± 0.6 g, respectively. BG improved oxidative stress (p = 0.001) with malondialdehyde level 5.1 ± 0.2, 3.0 ± 0.06 and 2.3 ± 0.06 ng/mL, respectively, but did not better than vitamin E group 1 ± 0.03 ng/mL. Significant (p = 0.001) improvement on insulin resistance with homeostatic model assessment IR in BG groups were 5.3 ± 0.1, 4.4 ± 0.1 and 4 ± 0.1, respectively, but not as good as metformin group 3.7 ± 0.1. Research limitations/implications Based on the experiment, there are several limitations including small sample size, performed on animal models in a relatively short time, did not examine organosulfurs compound (OSC) content of BG specifically and OSC affects metabolism in NAFLD remains unclear and will require further investigation. Practical implications BG is a functional food made from heated fresh garlic owing to the Maillard reaction and the organosulfur compounds as antioxidants. The higher the dose of BG, the greater the improvement in visceral fat, oxidative stress and IR in model NAFLD rats. Social implications NAFLD is a liver disorder caused by excessive fat and energy intake, the treatment strategies among others through diet modification. Originality/value In model NAFLD rats, BG administration improved NALFD markers but did not better rather than the metformin and vitamin E result.

Latar belakang: Daya tahan merupakan kesanggupan tubuh dalam melakukan penyesuaian terhadap beban fisik sehingga dapat menghindari kelelahan yang berlebihan. Buah pisang raja  (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum L.) dan pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca var. Sapientum (L.) Kunt.) mengandung karbohidrat yang akan meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah dan tinggi kalium, sehingga berpotensi mencegah kelelahan otot. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui perbedaan pemberian pisang raja dan pisang ambon terhadap VO2max pada remaja di sekolah sepak bola.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre-post tes with control group design. Responden penelitian ini adalah atlet sepak bola berusia 15-18 tahun di sekolah sepak bola Terang Bangsa dan Satria Kencana Serasi. Responden dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol mendapat air mineral 240 ml, kelompok perlakuan I mendapat pisang raja 150 g dan kelompok perlakuan II mendapat pisang ambon 150 g. VO2max diukur menggunakan tes lari 15 menit Balke, dan asupan makan diperoleh dari recall 2x24 jam. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Paired t test, One way ANOVA dan uji ANCOVA.Hasil: Rerata delta VO2max  kelompok kontrol (-0,8±3,1) memiliki perbedaan bermakna dengan perlakuan I (6,6±2,9; p=0,00) dan  perlakuan II (2,3 ± 2,5; p=0,006). Secara deskriptif kenaikan perubahan VO2max tertinggi pada kelompok perlakuan I,diikuti perlakuan II dan kelompok kontrol.Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan nilai delta VO2max pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan, dan secara signifikan kenaikan VO2max terjadi pada pemberian pisang raja.

Amelioration of obesity-related metabolic disorders via supplementation of Caulerpa lentillifera in rats fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet.

Latar Belakang: Asupan antioksidan dipercaya dapat memperbaiki penyakit degeneratif yang dipicu oleh keadaan stress metabolik. Nigella sativa(NS) sebagai salah satu herbal yang terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan memilik potensi mencegah atau mengurangi oksidasi LDL sehingga lebih lanjut diduga dapat mengurangi peluang terjadinya aterosklerosis sekaligus kejadian PJK dan penyakit lain yang dilatarbelakangi oleh proses stres metabolik.Metode: Darah diambil dari pleksus orbita sebanyak 3 mL kemudian dilakukan sentrifugasi untuk mendapatkan plasma. Kadar oxLDL diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Angka optical density (OD) yang dihasilkan oleh ELISA reader diplotkan ke dalam kurva standard untuk mendapatkan kadar oxLDL. Kadar HDL diukur menggunakan metode presipitasi kuantitatif.Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik namun kadar LDL terendah berada pada kelompok perlakuan 2. Begitu pula dengan kadar oxLDL, hasil terendah berada pada kelompok 3 walaupun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan.Kata Kunci: LDL,Nigella sativa, aterosklerosis

Background: Dyslipidemia is the risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as coronary heart diseases (CHD) and artherosclerosis. Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder, one of it is a decreased High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level in the blood. Flaxseed and sesame oil contained linolenic acid, linoleic acid and antioxidant have potential effect in increasing HDL cholesterol level in the blood. Objective: Investigate the effect of flaxseed and sesame oil combination administration on HDL cholesterol level in dyslipidemia Sprague dawley rats. Methods: A true experimental with pre-post randomized control group design on 24 dyslipidemia Sprague dawley rats which was randomized into 4 groups. The control group was given standard diet and high cholesterol diet and three treatment groups were given high cholesterol diet also flaxseed and sesame oil in combination with the dose of 1ml/200 gr body weight (P1), 2 ml/200 gr body weight (P2), and 3 ml/200 gr body weight (P3) for 14 days. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was analyzed by CHOD-PAP method. Datas were analyzed by Paired t-test and Anova. Results: There was a significant difference on HDL cholesterol level before and after treatment in control group 1,43% (p=0,003). Treatment groups (P1,P2,P3) had significant elevation (p<0,05) on HDL cholesterol level respectively 18,49% (p=0,000), 29,21% (p=0,000), and 50,85% (p=0,000). Conclusion: Flaxseed and sesame oil combination for 14 days could increase HDL cholesterol level. The most potential effect in increasing HDL cholesterol level was shown in P2 the dose of 3 ml/200 gr body weight. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Dislipidemia merupakan faktor risiko dari penyakit kardiovaskular (CVD) seperti penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) dan artherosklerosis. Dislipidemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid dalam darah. Salah satu kelainan komponen lipid yaitu menurunnya kadar kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Minyak rami dan minyak wijen yang mengandung asam linolenat, asam linoleat dan antioksidan yang berpotensi dalam meningkatkan kadar kolesterol HDL darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi minyak rami dengan minyak wijen terhadap kadar kolesterol HDL pada tikus dislipdemia. Metode : Penelitian true experimental dengan pre-post test randomized control group design terhadap 24 ekor tikus Sprague dawley dislipidemia dibagi secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol diberikan pakan standar dan tinggi kolesterol dan tiga kelompok perlakuan diberikan pakan tinggi kolesterol dan kombinasi minyak rami dengan minyak wijen dosis 1 ml/200 gBB, 2 ml/200 gBB, 3 ml/200 gBB selama 14 hari. Kadar kolesterol HDL diperiksa dengan metode CHOD-PAP. Data dianalisis dengan uji Paired t-test dan Anova. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan penurunan kolesterol HDL secara bermakna sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 1,43% (p=0,003). Kelompok P1, P2, P3 mengalami peningkatan kolesterol HDL secara bermakna (p<0,05) berturut-turut yaitu sebesar 18,49% ...